国家机关及其工作人员职务侵权责任研究
发布时间：2018-07-16 17:26
【摘要】：21世纪是一个信息爆炸、经济全球化、科学技术高度发达的时代。经济贸易的一体化，导致了资源在全球范围内的配置；高度发达的网络使得生活在地球上的人与人之间的距离越来越小；交通和通信技术特别是数字信息技术的发达，使得不同的文明的融合和碰撞日益频繁。在这样一个大背景下，人权、人本主义的精神与理念越来越得到不同文明与文化下的人们的认同。与此相适应的就是，对个人权利的尊重与保护成为一个人类社会文明的必然趋势。可以说，21世纪既是一个走向权利的世纪，也是一个权利更容易遭受侵害的世纪。以救济私权利特别是绝对权为出发点和归宿点的侵权责任法，在21世纪必然处于越来越重要的地位，发挥越来越重要的作用。在现代分工的社会生活及经济活动中，事必躬亲，殆不可能，无论个人还是企业乃至国家机关，有时均需借助他人从事一定的工作或事业。在此种情形下，被使用之人在执行职务的过程中侵害他人的合法权益时，应如何承担损害赔偿责任以及由谁来承担的问题，成为了法律上的重要课题。 本文共分为五部分，第一部分是引言，主要从国家机关及其工作人员职务侵权产生的背景出发，表明在我国社会法制化建设的进程中加快调整和规制代表国家实施管理行为的国家机关及其工作人员的“职权行为”或“公务行为”的必要性，在文中详细阐述了文章的研究目的和意义、国内外研究现状及研究方法和创新点。 第二部分主要从国家机关及其工作人员职务侵权的概念入手，阐明它是因国家机关及其工作人员不法执行职务致使他人的合法权益受到损害而应承担的责任，并对其特征加以分析，论述了国家机关及其工作人员的职务侵权行为与一般侵权行为相比较，其特殊性主要表现在直接侵权行为人与赔偿责任主体相分离，并介绍了它与国家补偿、《国家赔偿法》中行政赔偿责任和司法赔偿责任等相关概念的区别，接着介绍了它的性质，主要从国家机关及其工作人员职务侵权是属于公法责任还是私法责任，是自己责任还是替代责任这两方面进行论述，明确其行为性质对职务侵权行为的认定和责任的承担有重要意义，接着介绍了国家机关及其工作人员职务侵权的类型及其历史沿革。 在第三部分介绍了国家机关及其工作人员职务侵权责任的归责原则，即当相对人的某种权益受到损害后，国家是否应当赔偿，以什么为依据赔偿，是以行为人的过错还是以已造成的损害结果为依据，还是以行为的违法为依据，在文中主要列举了学界对此呼吁的不同主张，主要包括过错责任原则、客观规则原则和无过错责任原则，笔者认为，对国家机关及其工作人员职务侵权责任应当适用无过错责任原则，并在文中阐述了具体原因，接下来介绍了国家机关及其工作人员职务侵权责任的构成要件，并对其免责事由进行阐述。 在第四部分论述了国家机关及其工作人员职务侵权责任的承担，在文中主要列举了国家机关及其工作人员职务侵权责任的承担主体，即赔偿法律关系当事人，包括直接加害人、赔偿义务机关、受害人和赔偿请求人，并对国家机关及其工作人员职务侵权主体范围加以界定，接下来详细介绍了国家赔偿的范围、方式和程序。 最后论述的是国家机关及其工作人员职务侵权责任制度中的问题，主要涉及我国《国家赔偿法》的不足和司法实务中存在的问题，随后阐述了国家机关及其工作人员职务侵权责任制度的完善，主要包括修改《国家赔偿法》的几条建议以及协调各法律中（《民法通则》、《国家赔偿法》和《侵权责任法》）对国家机关及其工作人员职务侵权责任的规定。笔者在文中指出，虽然国家赔偿责任与国家机关侵权民事责任的法理基础是一致的，即在人民主权国家，人民是国家权力的主体，一切国家机关都负有保护公民合法权益的法律义务，但是在现实中却存在着各法律条文对此规定的冲突和不协调，为此笔者认为需要建构一个完备的法律体系来尽可能的消除各法律规定中对某一部分规定重复、冲突及矛盾的现象，，我国立法机关应结合我国国情，同时借鉴其他西方发达国家的做法，制定出明确合理的法律，以切实保障公民的合法权益。
[Abstract]:The 21st century is an era of information explosion , economic globalization and highly developed science and technology . The integration of economic and trade has led to the allocation of resources worldwide .
Highly developed networks make the distance between people living on the earth and people becoming smaller and smaller ;
With the development of digital information technology especially digital information technology , the spirit and concept of human rights and humanism are becoming more and more frequent . In this situation , it is an inevitable trend of human social civilization to respect and protect individual rights .
This paper is divided into five parts , the first part is introduction , mainly from the background of the infringement of State organ and its staff , it shows that in the process of the construction of the legal system of our country , the necessity of adjusting and regulating the " functions of authority " or " official act " of the State organ and its staff representing the state ' s implementation of the administrative act is expounded in detail . The research purpose and significance of the article are expounded in detail .
The second part starts with the concept of the infringement of the functions of the State organ and its staff , and expounds that it is responsible for the damage of the legal rights and interests of other people because of the improper execution of the functions of the State organ and its staff .
In the third part , the principle of liability for tort liability of State organ and its staff is introduced .
In the fourth part , the author discusses the responsibility of the tort liability of the State organ and its staff , and mainly lists the principal part of the tort liability of the State organ and its staff , namely , the party of the legal relationship , including the direct victim , the compensation obligation organ , the victim and the compensation claimant , and defines the scope of the subject of the torts of the State organ and its staff . The scope , the way and the procedure of the State compensation are described in detail .
The author points out that , although the legal basis of the civil liability of the State organ and its staff is the same as the legal obligation to protect the legitimate rights and interests of the citizens , the author points out that , in the reality , there is a legal obligation to protect the legitimate rights and interests of citizens . In this regard , it is necessary to construct a complete legal system to eliminate the duplication , conflict and contradiction of the legal provisions .
【学位授予单位】：河北经贸大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.1
本文编号：2127093
[Abstract]:The 21st century is an era of information explosion , economic globalization and highly developed science and technology . The integration of economic and trade has led to the allocation of resources worldwide .
Highly developed networks make the distance between people living on the earth and people becoming smaller and smaller ;
With the development of digital information technology especially digital information technology , the spirit and concept of human rights and humanism are becoming more and more frequent . In this situation , it is an inevitable trend of human social civilization to respect and protect individual rights .
This paper is divided into five parts , the first part is introduction , mainly from the background of the infringement of State organ and its staff , it shows that in the process of the construction of the legal system of our country , the necessity of adjusting and regulating the " functions of authority " or " official act " of the State organ and its staff representing the state ' s implementation of the administrative act is expounded in detail . The research purpose and significance of the article are expounded in detail .
The second part starts with the concept of the infringement of the functions of the State organ and its staff , and expounds that it is responsible for the damage of the legal rights and interests of other people because of the improper execution of the functions of the State organ and its staff .
In the third part , the principle of liability for tort liability of State organ and its staff is introduced .
In the fourth part , the author discusses the responsibility of the tort liability of the State organ and its staff , and mainly lists the principal part of the tort liability of the State organ and its staff , namely , the party of the legal relationship , including the direct victim , the compensation obligation organ , the victim and the compensation claimant , and defines the scope of the subject of the torts of the State organ and its staff . The scope , the way and the procedure of the State compensation are described in detail .
The author points out that , although the legal basis of the civil liability of the State organ and its staff is the same as the legal obligation to protect the legitimate rights and interests of the citizens , the author points out that , in the reality , there is a legal obligation to protect the legitimate rights and interests of citizens . In this regard , it is necessary to construct a complete legal system to eliminate the duplication , conflict and contradiction of the legal provisions .
【学位授予单位】：河北经贸大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.1
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 阳兵;国家机关侵权民事责任研究[D];湖南大学;2015年
本文编号：2127093
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