论城管执法行为公定力

发布时间：2018-07-18 14:03

【摘要】：行政行为传统四效力理论在学术界一直占据着主导地位，即行政行为的效力包括公定力、确定力、拘束力和执行力。其中公定力在行政行为的效力体系中居于基础性地位，是一种“对世”的效力。所谓行政行为公定力指的是，行政行为一经成立，在法律上推定其合法有效，任何个人和组织都应当予以承认和尊重，而不得否认和拒绝。近些年来，受德、日等国行政法理论的影响，国内外部分学者对公定力理论提出了强烈质疑。根据行政行为效力理论，城管综合执法行为中的具体行政行为亦具有公定力，公定力在维护国家公权力权威，保证行政行为的顺利实施，保障行政秩序的安定方面起着重要作用。但是随着经济社会的发展，法治的普及与完善，行政行为公定力难免会给行政执法和相对人带来不可估量的负面影响，公定力的制度刚性亦会阻碍行政法的发展。本文以我国城管综合执法行为中的具体行政行为为研究对象，结合城管执法的历史沿革和具体现状，探讨行政行为公定力在理论研究和实践应用中的利与弊。本文共有六部分组成。首先在引言部分就行政行为公定力的提出和发展，国内外不同学者对公定力理论的研究状况及本文的研究思路和研究方法等作简要综述，并结合我国城管执法行为的具体实际对公定力理论的合法性推定内涵作必要合理地探讨。第二部分，，我国现阶段城管执法体制与现状分析。简要概述我国城管执法的历史沿革，以三个具体典型的执法案例表明现阶段城管执法所面临的暴力执法和暴力抗法等棘手社会现象，进而引出城管执法行为公定力问题。第三部分，行政行为公定力的传统内涵。这部分从行政行为及其效力问题出发，介绍行政行为公定力理论的提出和发展以及公定力理论提出的法理正当性和存在的历史必然性，引出公定力理论应用于我国的学理、社会及实践中的可行性。第四部分，城管执法公定力探讨。这部分从行政行为公定力的传统内涵入手，分析公定力“合法性”推定内涵应用于具体行政行为中的诸多制度弊端，结合现代法治国家行政行为的服务理念，对城管执法行为公定力的“合法性”推定内涵进行必要且合理的反思。第五部分，对公定力刚性补足的简单尝试——构建和谐城管商贩关系。这部分主要从理论制度和实践操作上对构建和谐的城管商贩关系进行简要的探索和思考，通过立法上完善城管执法法律依据，完善行政行为说明理由制度和无效行政行为制度，弥补和缓冲行政行为公定力的制度刚性和缺陷。最后一部分是结语，对本文论述的观点作简要总结，并分析论述的不足之处，以待日后研究和完善。
[Abstract]:The traditional four-effect theory of administrative act has always occupied a dominant position in academic circles, that is, the effectiveness of administrative act includes public determination, certainty, binding force and executive power. Among them, public determination plays a basic role in the system of administrative action, and it is a kind of effectiveness to the world. The so-called public power of administrative act means that once an administrative act is established, it is legally presumed to be valid, and any individual or organization should recognize and respect it, without denying and refusing it. In recent years, influenced by the theory of administrative law in Germany, Japan and other countries, some scholars at home and abroad have strongly questioned the theory of public power. According to the theory of the effect of administrative act, the concrete administrative act in the comprehensive law enforcement of urban management also has the public power, which is to safeguard the authority of the state public power and ensure the smooth implementation of the administrative act. Ensuring the stability of administrative order plays an important role. However, with the development of economy and society, the popularization and perfection of the rule of law, the public power of administrative action will inevitably bring inestimable negative effects to administrative law enforcement and relative person, and the institutional rigidity of public determination will also hinder the development of administrative law. This article takes the concrete administrative behavior in the comprehensive law enforcement behavior of urban management in our country as the research object, unifies the historical evolution and the concrete present situation of the urban management law enforcement, probes into the advantages and disadvantages of the administrative behavior public determination force in the theory research and the practice application. There are six parts in this paper. First of all, in the introduction part of the administrative behavior of the proposed and development of public capacity, different scholars at home and abroad on the theory of public capacity research situation and this research ideas and research methods for a brief summary. Combining with the concrete practice of urban management law enforcement in our country, this paper makes a necessary and reasonable discussion on the connotation of the presumption of legality in the theory of public power. The second part, our country present stage urban management law enforcement system and the present situation analysis. This paper briefly summarizes the history and evolution of urban management law enforcement in our country, and shows by three typical law enforcement cases the difficult social phenomena such as violent law enforcement and violent resistance law, which leads to the problem of public determination of urban management law enforcement behavior. The third part, the traditional connotation of administrative behavior's public power. Starting from the problem of administrative act and its effectiveness, this part introduces the theory and development of public power of administrative act, the legitimacy of legal theory and the historical inevitability of existence, and draws out the theory of public power applied in our country. Social and practical feasibility. The fourth part, the city management law enforcement public power discussion. This part starts with the traditional connotation of the public power of the administrative act, analyzes the connotation of the presumption of "legality" of the public power, which is applied to many system malpractices in the concrete administrative act, and combines the service idea of the administrative act of the modern country ruled by law. This paper makes a necessary and reasonable reflection on the connotation of the presumption of legality in the law enforcement action of chengguan. The fifth part is a simple attempt to build a harmonious relationship between urban management and vendors. This part mainly from the theory system and the practice operation carries on the brief exploration and the ponder to the construction harmonious urban management merchant relations, through the legislation consummates the urban management law enforcement legal basis, consummates the administrative behavior explanation reason system and the invalid administrative behavior system. To make up for and buffer the system rigidity and defect of administrative action. The last part is the conclusion, which makes a brief summary of the views discussed in this paper, and analyzes the shortcomings of the discussion in order to be studied and improved in the future.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.1

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