政府作为补偿义务主体的现实与理想——从生态保护补偿第一案谈起

发布时间：2018-08-04 15:31

【摘要】：我国各领域生态保护补偿均通过契约,规范因限制资源开发利用而给予补偿的政府,以及因丧失发展机会和保护生态而接受补偿的主体,其本质是民事财产权的运行,鉴于生态保护补偿第一案还满足民事诉讼的形式要件,由此,补偿纠纷就是民事纠纷。根据合同原理,哪一级政府承诺提供补偿资金,哪一级政府就是补偿义务主体。然而,现实的未必就是合理的,当政府履行补偿义务时,资金来源过度依赖中央政府,这使补偿关系不仅与受益者补偿原则不匹配,而且加大了中央政府的负担。为此,需要应然意义上的补偿义务主体层级。其中,受益者补偿不仅是生态保护补偿的基本原则,对于确定区域、流域补偿政府的层级更具有操作价值,该原则的不足可以通过央地合理分权理论解决,即根据生态环境服务的惠及面合理分配央地财权事权,划定应然的履行具体补偿义务的政府。
[Abstract]:The compensation for ecological protection in all fields of our country is to regulate the government that gives compensation because of restricting the exploitation and utilization of resources, and the subject receiving compensation for the loss of development opportunity and the protection of ecology, which is essentially the operation of civil property rights. In view of the fact that the first case of ecological protection compensation also meets the formal requirements of civil litigation, the compensation dispute is a civil dispute. According to the contract principle, which level government promises to provide the compensation fund, which level government is the compensatory obligation main body. However, the reality is not necessarily reasonable. When the government fulfils its compensatory obligation, the source of funds depends too much on the central government, which makes the compensation relationship not only incompatible with the principle of compensation for the beneficiaries, but also increasing the burden of the central government. Therefore, we need the main level of compensation obligation in the sense of necessity. Among them, beneficiary compensation is not only the basic principle of ecological protection compensation, but also has operational value for determining the region and the level of government compensation in river basin. The deficiency of this principle can be solved by the theory of central-land rational decentralization. That is, according to the benefits of ecological and environmental services, reasonable distribution of the central financial authority, delineate the government should fulfill the specific compensation obligations.
【作者单位】：北京大学法学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重点项目“完善生态补偿机制的制度建设与法律保障研究”(项目批准号:12AZD062)的阶段性研究成果
【分类号】：D922.68

【相似文献】