我国《食品安全法》的法律实效分析

发布时间：2018-08-11 16:24

【摘要】：《食品安全法》的法律实效：颁布实施后的《食品安全法》所产生的法律效果的状况,这种法律效果指能控制食品潜在的风险,不对人们的生命与健康造成损害,创造和维持一个安全的食品生产、流通秩序,而这种法律效果的产生以《食品安全法》在实际生活中被遵守、执行和适用为前提条件。对《食品安全法》的法律实效好坏的判断应当遵循客观秩序标准与主观满意度标准相统一的原则。法律规范因素、强制力因素、社会因素构成了获得《食品安全法》的法律实效的全部内容,三者共同构成了一个三角形的稳定地推动好的《食品安全法》的法律实效实现的结构。以主观态度为区分食品安全事件的标准,可以把我国食品安全事件分为主观故意类型的食品安全事件与主观过失类型的食品安全事件。当前各种触目惊心的食品安全事件屡禁不止,影响了人们正常的生活秩序,引起整个社会的不满,可以认定《食品安全法》的法律实效不佳。当前应当重点解决的是以伤害消费者生命、健康的方式为谋取利益的手段的主观故意的恶性食品安全事件。与《食品安全法》的法律实效的内容的三个部分相对应,恶性食品安全事件发生的原因也正是来源于社会、法律规范、监管三个方面。要想遏制住恶性食品安全事件的发生,使《食品安全法》获得好的法律实效,必须全面考虑社会因素、法律规范因素、监管因素。具体途径包括：树立企业食品安全理念,食品安全作为基本人权“生存权”的一项重要内容,保障食品安全也是食品提供者的一项基本义务,企业应当树立相应的食品安全责任理念；完善《食品安全法》责任制度,当前最重要的任务是完善惩罚性赔偿制度和刑事责任制度,但不是简单加重违法者责任,而是需要进行全面的考虑,让制度能够切实地起到遏制违法事件发生的目的；严格食品安全监管制度,监管不力的最主要原因在于多部门监管体制带来的监管漏洞以及对监管行为的规范不到位,因此要重新整合监管部门的职责以及制约监管权力,这也体现的既要保障权力又要制约权力的关系；建构社会共治体系,需要消费者、普通公众、经营者、新闻媒体和职业打假者各尽其力,同时社会共治体系应当是在政府推动下建构的,因此政府应当通过建构社会共治的宣传制度、执行制度、利益制度以及行业协会制度。
[Abstract]:The legal effectiveness of the Food Safety Act: the state of the legal effects of the Food Safety Act after its enactment, which refers to the ability to control the potential risks of food without causing harm to people's lives and health. To create and maintain a safe food production and circulation order, and this legal effect is based on the fact that the Food Safety Law is observed, enforced and applied in real life. The judgment of the law effectiveness of the Food Safety Law should follow the principle of the unity of objective order standard and subjective satisfaction standard. Legal normative factors, coercive factors, and social factors constitute the full content of obtaining the legal effectiveness of the Food Safety Law. Together, they constitute a triangular structure that steadily promotes the legal effectiveness of the good Food Safety Law. According to subjective attitude, food safety events in China can be divided into subjective intentional food safety incidents and subjective negligent food safety events. At present, all kinds of shocking food safety incidents have been forbidden repeatedly, which have affected people's normal order of life and caused dissatisfaction of the whole society. It can be concluded that the law effectiveness of the Food Safety Law is not good. At present, we should focus on solving the subjective and intentional malignant food safety incidents which harm consumers' lives and health as a means of seeking benefits. Corresponding to the three parts of the content of the law effectiveness of the Food Safety Law, the causes of the vicious food safety incidents also come from three aspects: the society, the legal norms and the supervision. In order to control the occurrence of the malignant food safety incidents and make the Food Safety Law obtain good legal effect, we must take into account the social factors, the legal normative factors and the regulatory factors in an all-round way. The specific approaches include: establishing the concept of food safety in enterprises, food safety as an important part of the basic human right "the right to life", and ensuring food safety is also a basic obligation of food providers. Enterprises should set up the corresponding concept of food safety responsibility, perfect the responsibility system of "Food Safety Law", the most important task at present is to perfect the system of punitive damages and criminal liability, but not simply to increase the liability of violators, Instead, we need to consider comprehensively so that the system can effectively curb the occurrence of illegal incidents; and strictly regulate the food safety system. The main reason for the weak supervision lies in the regulatory loopholes brought by the multi-sector regulatory system and the lack of regulation of the regulatory behavior, so we should reintegrate the responsibilities of the regulatory authorities and restrict the regulatory powers. This also reflects the relationship between protecting power and restricting power; the construction of a system of social co-governance requires the efforts of consumers, the general public, operators, the news media and professional counterfeiters. At the same time, the social co-governance system should be constructed under the push of the government, so the government should construct the propaganda system, the executive system, the benefit system and the trade association system of social co-governance.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.16

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