食品安全监管公众参与法律机制研究
发布时间：2018-08-25 11:49
【摘要】：在频发的食品安全事件面前，食品安全监管部门显然力不从心，公众参与食品安全监管成为必然。我国食品安全法律法规中已经有公众参与的一些制度规定，但现有的法律规定过于零散，不够具体，缺乏可操作性和激励机制，公众参与在广度和深度上还处于较低水平，公众参与监管的实际效果并不理想，亟待我们构建更为积极有效的食品安全监管公众参与法律机制，以提高公众参与的程度，增进公众参与的实效。本文在考察我国食品安全监管现有制度的基础上，分析现有制度规定自身及其运行中存在的问题，并借鉴国外相关制度的成功经验，探索完善我国食品安全监管公众参与法律机制的路径，进而最大限度地保障公众的食品安全利益，促进社会主义市场经济秩序健康发展。文章共分为五个部分。 第一部分阐述食品安全监管公众参与法律机制的基本问题。这一部分主要阐述公众参与的一般定义，以及公众参与在主体、方式和界限等方面的特征。具体到食品安全监管领域，公众参与在主体、方式和界限上存在一些特殊性，但总体上符合一般性的特征。 第二部分论述食品安全监管公众参与的理论基础和实践诉求。参与式民主理论、公共治理理论和政府失灵理论从不同层面奠定了公众参与的理论基础；实践中食品安全监管的现状需要我们引入公众参与机制，从而弥补政府监管的不足，形成对政府监管的监督，并捍卫公众作为食品消费者在食品生产经营中的最终决定权。 第三部分分析我国当前食品安全监管公众参与面临的问题。这一部分在考察和梳理我国食品安全监管公众参与现有制度规定的基础上，分析现有公众参与制度在实践中面临的问题。问题主要集中于信息公开机制不健全造成公众参与依据不足，公众举报制度不完善造成公众参与乏力，反馈机制缺失造成公众参与权软化，参与方式缺乏创新造成公众参与度不高。 第四部分是对国外食品安全监管公众参与制度的考察，这一部分分别考察和比较美国、日本和欧盟在相关制度上的经验做法，并总结三者共通的经验做法对我国的启示。 第五部分是完善我国食品安全监管公众参与法律机制的路径选择。完善的路径以食品安全信息公开为基础，完善公众参与食品安全立法和标准制定，进而提出构建政府与公众之间的良性互动机制，并加强社会组织在食品安全监管中的作用，健全食品安全监管公众举报，最后探索公众提起食品安全公益诉讼法律制度。
[Abstract]:In the face of frequent food safety incidents, the food safety supervision department is obviously unable to do what it wants, so it is inevitable for the public to participate in food safety supervision. There are already some regulations on public participation in food safety laws and regulations in China, but the existing laws and regulations are too scattered, not specific, lack of maneuverability and incentive mechanism, and public participation is still at a low level in breadth and depth. The actual effect of public participation in supervision is not ideal. It is urgent for us to construct a more active and effective legal mechanism of public participation in food safety supervision in order to improve the degree of public participation and enhance the effectiveness of public participation. On the basis of investigating the existing system of food safety supervision in our country, this paper analyzes the problems existing in the regulation of the existing system and its operation, and draws lessons from the successful experience of the relevant systems of foreign countries. This paper explores the ways to perfect the legal mechanism of public participation in the supervision of food safety in China, so as to ensure the food safety interests of the public to the maximum extent, and to promote the healthy development of the socialist market economic order. The article is divided into five parts. The first part expounds the basic problems of public participation in the legal mechanism of food safety supervision. This part mainly expounds the general definition of public participation and the characteristics of public participation in subject, mode and boundary. In the field of food safety supervision, there are some particularities in the subject, mode and boundary of public participation, but generally accord with the general characteristics. The second part discusses the theoretical basis and practical appeal of public participation in food safety supervision. The theory of participatory democracy, the theory of public governance and the theory of government failure have laid the theoretical foundation of public participation from different levels, and the present situation of food safety supervision in practice requires us to introduce the mechanism of public participation in order to make up for the deficiencies of government supervision. To form the supervision of the government and defend the final decision of the public as food consumers in food production and operation. The third part analyzes the problems of public participation in food safety supervision. On the basis of investigating and combing the existing regulations of public participation in food safety supervision in China, this part analyzes the problems faced by the existing public participation system in practice. The problems mainly focus on the deficiency of the public participation basis caused by the imperfect information disclosure mechanism, the weakness of the public participation caused by the imperfect public reporting system, and the softening of the public participation right caused by the lack of feedback mechanism. The lack of innovation in the way of participation results in a low degree of public participation. The fourth part is the inspection of the public participation system of the foreign food safety supervision. This part examines and compares the experiences of the United States, Japan and the European Union in the relevant systems, and summarizes the enlightenment of the three common practices to our country. The fifth part is the path choice of perfecting the public participation mechanism of food safety supervision in China. The perfect path is based on the publicity of food safety information, consummates the public participation in food safety legislation and standard-setting, then puts forward the construction of a benign interaction mechanism between the government and the public, and strengthens the role of social organizations in food safety supervision. Improve food safety supervision of public reporting, and finally explore the public food safety public interest litigation legal system.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.16
本文编号：2202793
[Abstract]:In the face of frequent food safety incidents, the food safety supervision department is obviously unable to do what it wants, so it is inevitable for the public to participate in food safety supervision. There are already some regulations on public participation in food safety laws and regulations in China, but the existing laws and regulations are too scattered, not specific, lack of maneuverability and incentive mechanism, and public participation is still at a low level in breadth and depth. The actual effect of public participation in supervision is not ideal. It is urgent for us to construct a more active and effective legal mechanism of public participation in food safety supervision in order to improve the degree of public participation and enhance the effectiveness of public participation. On the basis of investigating the existing system of food safety supervision in our country, this paper analyzes the problems existing in the regulation of the existing system and its operation, and draws lessons from the successful experience of the relevant systems of foreign countries. This paper explores the ways to perfect the legal mechanism of public participation in the supervision of food safety in China, so as to ensure the food safety interests of the public to the maximum extent, and to promote the healthy development of the socialist market economic order. The article is divided into five parts. The first part expounds the basic problems of public participation in the legal mechanism of food safety supervision. This part mainly expounds the general definition of public participation and the characteristics of public participation in subject, mode and boundary. In the field of food safety supervision, there are some particularities in the subject, mode and boundary of public participation, but generally accord with the general characteristics. The second part discusses the theoretical basis and practical appeal of public participation in food safety supervision. The theory of participatory democracy, the theory of public governance and the theory of government failure have laid the theoretical foundation of public participation from different levels, and the present situation of food safety supervision in practice requires us to introduce the mechanism of public participation in order to make up for the deficiencies of government supervision. To form the supervision of the government and defend the final decision of the public as food consumers in food production and operation. The third part analyzes the problems of public participation in food safety supervision. On the basis of investigating and combing the existing regulations of public participation in food safety supervision in China, this part analyzes the problems faced by the existing public participation system in practice. The problems mainly focus on the deficiency of the public participation basis caused by the imperfect information disclosure mechanism, the weakness of the public participation caused by the imperfect public reporting system, and the softening of the public participation right caused by the lack of feedback mechanism. The lack of innovation in the way of participation results in a low degree of public participation. The fourth part is the inspection of the public participation system of the foreign food safety supervision. This part examines and compares the experiences of the United States, Japan and the European Union in the relevant systems, and summarizes the enlightenment of the three common practices to our country. The fifth part is the path choice of perfecting the public participation mechanism of food safety supervision in China. The perfect path is based on the publicity of food safety information, consummates the public participation in food safety legislation and standard-setting, then puts forward the construction of a benign interaction mechanism between the government and the public, and strengthens the role of social organizations in food safety supervision. Improve food safety supervision of public reporting, and finally explore the public food safety public interest litigation legal system.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.16
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