两岸器官捐献与移植法律制度比较研究

发布时间：2018-10-25 18:40

【摘要】：器官捐献与移植不仅仅是临床医学研究的一项重要内容,更是法学研究的重要课题。我国大陆于2007年颁布了首部《人体器官移植条例》,但该部条例的规定过于简陋和笼统,多具实验性质。我国台湾地区于1987年制定了亚洲地区首部「人体器官移植条例」,后经四次修改,相较于大陆而言,台湾地区则具有较为丰富的立法经验。本文通过以大陆和台湾地区两部人体器官移植条例为蓝本进行比较研究,为我国大陆人体器官捐献与移植立法提供一些立法建议。论文全文分为三个部分,全文共三万七千余字。第一部分为器官、器官捐献与移植概述。该部分对器官的概念、器官的性质进行了分析,并介绍了器官捐献与移植的发展史及中国大陆、台湾地区、美国、日本、英国等国家和地区的器官捐献与移植的概况。通过对上述国家和地区的捐献与移植情况的分析,明确我国大陆和台湾地区因器官捐献率较低致使器官移植率低下。第二部分为两岸器官捐献与移植法律制度之比较。该部分从两岸立法体例、器官捐献法律制度、器官移植法律制度三个部分进行比较分析,找到两岸器官捐献与移植法律制度的特色及存在的不足。第三部分为对大陆器官捐献与移植立法的建议。在条件成熟时可由全国人大及其常委会制定一部符合我国国情的《人体器官捐献与移植法》,立法时以《人体器官捐献与移植法》命名为宜,内容应重点完善脑死亡的推行、器官捐献激励机制、器官捐献勿须一律登记、活体器官买卖的避免、未成年人可进行亲属间的器官捐献、不宜移植器官的处理等方面。
[Abstract]:Organ donation and transplantation is not only an important part of clinical medical research, but also an important subject of legal research. The first Human Organ Transplant Regulation was promulgated in mainland China in 2007, but the regulations are too simple and general and have many experimental properties. The first "Human Organ Transplant regulations" was formulated in 1987 in Taiwan, which was amended four times later. Compared with mainland China, Taiwan has rich legislative experience. This paper makes a comparative study on the two regulations of human organ transplantation in mainland China and Taiwan in order to provide some legislative suggestions for the legislation of human organ donation and transplantation in mainland China. The paper is divided into three parts, the full text of more than 37000 words. The first part is an overview of organ donation and transplantation. This part analyzes the concept and nature of organs, and introduces the history of organ donation and transplantation and the general situation of organ donation and transplantation in mainland China, Taiwan, the United States, Japan, Britain and other countries and regions. Through the analysis of the donation and transplantation in the above countries and regions, it is clear that the low organ donation rate in mainland China and Taiwan region leads to the low organ transplantation rate. The second part is the comparison of the legal system of organ donation and transplantation. This part makes a comparative analysis from three parts: the legislative system of both sides of the strait, the legal system of organ donation, and the legal system of organ transplantation, and finds out the characteristics and shortcomings of the legal system of organ donation and transplantation on both sides of the strait. The third part is about the legislation of organ donation and transplantation in mainland China. When the conditions are ripe, the National people's Congress and its standing Committee may formulate a "Law on Human Organ donation and Transplantation", which is in line with the national conditions of our country, and when legislating, it is appropriate to adopt the Law on Human Organ donation and Transplant, and the content should focus on improving the implementation of brain death. The incentive mechanism of organ donation, organ donation should not be registered uniformly, the living organ sale should be avoided, the minor can make organ donation among relatives, and it is not suitable to deal with organ transplantation.
【学位授予单位】：贵州民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.16

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