论我国捐助法人的成立要件

发布时间：2018-10-26 20:24

【摘要】：捐助法人作为新设的法人类型,本文旨在通过对其研究以明确捐助法人与其他法人类型的界限,从而了解捐助法人在新的法人分类制度下的定位,进而窥探我国法人体系的构造。除此之外,本文采用比较分析的研究方法,以我国以及大陆法系其他国家即地区民法的有关规定为研究基础,参考各国及地区的民法理论,以探究我国捐助法人成立制度的独特性,以及我国捐助法人和财团法人成立要件的相似性和差异性。在要件组成上,我国捐助法人和财团法人具有相似性,均包括“捐助行为”、“特定目的”以及“行政许可”。我国捐助法人特色体现在捐助法人目的的非营利性和公益性。而大陆法系中,以德国为例,其财团法人并无公益性目的的要求,日本虽通过改革采纳了营利性和非营利性的分类标准,理清了非营利性和公益性的界限,但作为财团法人成立要件的仅为非营利性。而我国捐助法人除了应满足非营利性的目的外,还应以公益性为目的。除此之外,我国捐助法人的成立呈现明显的“阶段性”,第一阶段为捐助行为的作成和生效,第二阶段为设立捐助法人的过程,第三阶段为捐助法人的许可和登记。阶段性的特点决定了我国捐助法人成立各阶段的参与主体及其权利义务各不相同,并影响了我国捐助行为和其他国家及地区相比的特殊性,例如生前捐助行为的非要式性,捐助行为的不可撤回等。
[Abstract]:As a new type of legal person, the purpose of this paper is to make clear the boundary between the donor legal person and other legal person types, and to understand the position of the donor legal person under the new legal person classification system. And then explore the structure of the legal person system in China. In addition, this article uses the comparative analysis research method, taking our country and other countries of the continental law system, that is, the regional civil law as the research foundation, referring to the civil law theory of each country and region. In order to explore the unique characteristics of the establishment system of donation legal person in China, as well as the similarities and differences of the requirements of the formation of the legal person and the financial corporation in our country. In terms of the composition of the elements, the donation legal person and the financial corporation in our country are similar, including "donation act", "specific purpose" and "administrative license". Our country donates the legal person characteristic to embody in donates the legal person goal the non-profit and the public welfare. In the continental law system, taking Germany as an example, the financial corporation has no requirement of public welfare purpose. Although Japan has adopted the classification standard of profit and non-profit through reform, it clears the boundary between non-profit and public welfare. However, as the elements of the establishment of a financial corporation, it is only non-profit. In addition to the non-profit purpose, the donation legal person in our country should also take the public welfare as the purpose. In addition, the establishment of the donor legal person in our country is obviously "phased", the first stage is the completion and effectiveness of the donation act, the second stage is the process of establishing the donor legal person, and the third stage is the permission and registration of the donor legal person. The characteristics of the stages determine the differences of the participants and their rights and obligations in each stage of the formation of the legal person, and affect the particularity of the donation behavior of our country compared with other countries and regions, such as the necessity of the behavior of donation before death. The irrevocable act of donating, etc.
【学位授予单位】：外交学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.182.3

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