排污权抵押法律问题研究
发布时间：2018-11-17 12:11
【摘要】：排污权交易试点在全国各地蓬勃发展,但我国法律尚未对其法律地位予以确认,出现了立法落后于实践的尴尬局面,迫切需要对排污权从法律层面进行确立,以便对实践进行指导。目前各省市进行排污权抵押的实践活动主要以地方环保局和人行当地支行联合发布管理办法的形式进行指导,这些规范文件法律效力层级低,缺乏统一上位法的指导,在具体的各项程序规定中,关于排污权担保形态为权利抵押还是权利质押的说法各执一词;对排污权设立抵押进行公示的方法语焉不详,此外,排污权抵押时估值的参考因素尚存在差异和不尽合理之处,抵押权人最终实现抵押权的途径也仍需完善。这些排污权抵押实践中的乱象,迫切要求对排污权抵押制度进行立法,排污权抵押入法不仅能够丰富传统民法上的担保形式,并且必然降低排污权进行抵押的风险,鼓励更多企业和银行参与其中,从而扩大排污权交易的影响促进排污权交易体系完善。排污权能够进行抵押,存在正当性依据。排污权的客体是环境容量,环境容量具有一定的价值,能够满足人类的某种需要且能够为人类所支配,这一概念符合民法上物的特征,排污权实质上是对环境容量进行使用、收益的权利,因而是一种用益物权。用益物权可以作为抵押物进行抵押,在我国已有立法先例。针对实践中存在的法律问题,首先,应统一排污权担保的形态为抵押,这是由排污权的用益物权属性和我国排污权交易市场现状共同决定的;其次,应明确排污权抵押的公示方法为登记要件主义,把排污权抵押登记作为抵押权的生效要件,才能便于管理防止滥权;第三,抵押时,对排污权的估值应以市场价格为基础以政府定价为指导,避免公权过度介入私权;最后,为了抵押权能够更好实现,应当着力培育成熟的二级市场,使通过交易平台转让给适格第三方以及通过法院拍卖的实现途径成为主流,并设立专项保险,为抵押权的实现保驾护航。
[Abstract]:The pilot project of emission trading has developed vigorously all over the country, but its legal status has not been confirmed by the law of our country, and there is an awkward situation that the legislation falls behind the practice, so it is urgent to establish the emission right from the legal level. In order to guide the practice. At present, the practical activities in various provinces and cities to carry out pollution discharge rights mortgage are mainly guided by the joint issuance of management measures by local environmental protection bureaus and local branches of the people's Bank of China. These normative documents are of low legal effect and lack the guidance of unified upper law. In the specific procedural provisions, the statement that the form of emission right guarantee is the right pledge or the right pledge is different; The method of publicizing the mortgage of pollution discharge right is unclear. In addition, the reference factors of the valuation of pollution discharge right mortgage are still different and unreasonable, and the way for the mortgagee to realize the mortgage right is still perfect. These disorderly phenomena in the practice of pollution discharge right mortgage urgently request to legislate the pollution discharge right mortgage system. The pollution discharge right mortgage law can not only enrich the traditional guarantee form in civil law, but also reduce the risk of pollution discharge right mortgage. Encourage more enterprises and banks to participate, thereby expanding the impact of emissions trading to improve the emissions trading system. Emission rights can be collateralized, there is a legitimate basis. The object of the pollution discharge right is the environmental capacity, which has certain value, can meet the needs of human beings and can be controlled by human beings. This concept accords with the characteristics of the civil law, and the pollution discharge right is essentially the use of the environmental capacity. The right to gain, therefore, is a usufructuary right. Usufructuary right can be used as collateral, and there is a legislative precedent in our country. In view of the legal problems existing in practice, firstly, we should unify the form of emission rights guarantee as collateral, which is decided by the property of usufruct of emission rights and the current situation of emission trading market in China. Secondly, it should be made clear that the public method of emission mortgage is registration essentialism, and the registration of pollution discharge right mortgage should be regarded as the effective requirement of mortgage, so as to be easy to manage and prevent abuse. Third, when mortgaging, the valuation of emission rights should be based on the market price and the government price as the guidance to avoid the excessive involvement of public rights in private rights; Finally, in order to achieve the mortgage better, we should focus on nurturing a mature secondary market, so that the transfer through the trading platform to eligible third parties and through the realization of court auctions into the mainstream, and the establishment of special insurance, Escort for the realization of mortgage.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.68
本文编号：2337740
[Abstract]:The pilot project of emission trading has developed vigorously all over the country, but its legal status has not been confirmed by the law of our country, and there is an awkward situation that the legislation falls behind the practice, so it is urgent to establish the emission right from the legal level. In order to guide the practice. At present, the practical activities in various provinces and cities to carry out pollution discharge rights mortgage are mainly guided by the joint issuance of management measures by local environmental protection bureaus and local branches of the people's Bank of China. These normative documents are of low legal effect and lack the guidance of unified upper law. In the specific procedural provisions, the statement that the form of emission right guarantee is the right pledge or the right pledge is different; The method of publicizing the mortgage of pollution discharge right is unclear. In addition, the reference factors of the valuation of pollution discharge right mortgage are still different and unreasonable, and the way for the mortgagee to realize the mortgage right is still perfect. These disorderly phenomena in the practice of pollution discharge right mortgage urgently request to legislate the pollution discharge right mortgage system. The pollution discharge right mortgage law can not only enrich the traditional guarantee form in civil law, but also reduce the risk of pollution discharge right mortgage. Encourage more enterprises and banks to participate, thereby expanding the impact of emissions trading to improve the emissions trading system. Emission rights can be collateralized, there is a legitimate basis. The object of the pollution discharge right is the environmental capacity, which has certain value, can meet the needs of human beings and can be controlled by human beings. This concept accords with the characteristics of the civil law, and the pollution discharge right is essentially the use of the environmental capacity. The right to gain, therefore, is a usufructuary right. Usufructuary right can be used as collateral, and there is a legislative precedent in our country. In view of the legal problems existing in practice, firstly, we should unify the form of emission rights guarantee as collateral, which is decided by the property of usufruct of emission rights and the current situation of emission trading market in China. Secondly, it should be made clear that the public method of emission mortgage is registration essentialism, and the registration of pollution discharge right mortgage should be regarded as the effective requirement of mortgage, so as to be easy to manage and prevent abuse. Third, when mortgaging, the valuation of emission rights should be based on the market price and the government price as the guidance to avoid the excessive involvement of public rights in private rights; Finally, in order to achieve the mortgage better, we should focus on nurturing a mature secondary market, so that the transfer through the trading platform to eligible third parties and through the realization of court auctions into the mainstream, and the establishment of special insurance, Escort for the realization of mortgage.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.68
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