美国直面成瘾——医学总监关于酒精、药物和健康的报告
发布时间：2018-11-18 13:41
【摘要】：1944年美国的《公共卫生法》要求组建公共卫生服务署(Public Health Service,PHS),作为当时卫生、教育和福利部(现改名为卫生和人类服务部)的一个重要部门。PHS包括该部所有执法的司局以及一支穿制服的执法队伍,雇用了6 500余名穿制服的公共卫生专业人员,每天24小时值班,在发生突发事件时由部长或助理部长调遣,目的是提供公共卫生、安全和疾病预防服务,以及推进公共卫生的科学研究,其中有环境和职业卫生、医学、护理学、牙医、药学、社会工作、医院管理、营养、工程、科学、兽医、卫生信息技术及其他与卫生有关的专业人员。执法队伍成员经常奋战在抗击疾病和不良卫生条件的第一线。PHS由助理部长监管。执法队伍身穿类似海军的蓝色制服,其级别也与海军类似,这支队伍的司令为医学总监(surgeon general),授四星Admiral(在海军里就是海军上将)或Vice Admiral(相当于海军中将)头衔,其也是美国联邦政府公共卫生问题的主要发言人,由美国总统提名,参议院确认。医学总监是该部的主要顾问,向助理部长报告工作,有义务就公共卫生问题教育美国公众选择健康的生活方式。自1966年开始,医学总监就一直要求在所有纸烟包装上印制警告,自1988年起,要求所有酒精饮料包装上印制警告。2016年11月,卫生和人类服务部发布《医学总监关于酒精、药物和健康的报告》(The Surgeon General’s Report on Alcohol,Drugs,and Health),题为《美国直面成瘾》(Facing Addiction in America),报告中提出了对待有精神活性成瘾物质滥用及其引起的物质使用障碍的新进路,即公共卫生的进路,以区别于目前的刑事司法进路。以下内容包括美国现任卫生和人类服务部部长Sylvia Burwell写的序言以及该报告的精选。
[Abstract]:The U.S. Public Health Act of 1944 called for the establishment of the Public Health Service (Public Health Service,PHS) as a health service at the time. An important unit of the Ministry of Education and Welfare (now renamed the Department of Health and Human Services). PHS includes all the Department's law enforcement departments and a uniformed law enforcement force, employing more than 6,500 uniformed public health professionals. 24 hours a day, deployed by the Minister or Assistant Minister in the event of an emergency, with the aim of providing public health, safety and disease prevention services, as well as the promotion of scientific research in public health, including environmental and occupational health, medicine, Nursing, Dentistry, Pharmacy, Social work, Hospital Administration, Nutrition, Engineering, Science, Veterinary Medicine, Health Information Technology and other Health related Professionals. Members of the law enforcement force often fight the front line in the fight against disease and poor sanitation. The PHS is overseen by assistant ministers. The law enforcement team wore a navy-like blue uniform, similar to the navy, whose commander gave the medical director, (surgeon general), a four-star Admiral (in the Navy) or a Vice Admiral (equivalent of a lieutenant general. It is also the main public health spokesman for the federal government, nominated by the U.S. President and confirmed by the Senate. The medical director, who is the department's principal advisor, reports to the assistant secretary and is obliged to educate the American public on public health issues to choose a healthy lifestyle Since 1966, the medical director has been requiring warnings to be printed on all cigarette packages, and since 1988 on all alcoholic beverage packages. In November 2016, the Department of Health and Human Services issued the Director of Health and Human Services report on Alcohol. The report on drugs and Health. The (The Surgeon General's Report on Alcohol,Drugs,and Health), report, "straight face Addiction in the United States," the (Facing Addiction in America), report suggests new approaches to substance abuse and the associated substance use disorders associated with psychoactive addiction. That is, the path of public health, to distinguish from the current criminal justice approach. The following include a preface by the current Secretary of Health and Human Services, Sylvia Burwell, and a selection of the report.
【作者单位】： 中国社会科学院哲学研究所;
【分类号】：D971.2;DD912.1;R-05
[Abstract]:The U.S. Public Health Act of 1944 called for the establishment of the Public Health Service (Public Health Service,PHS) as a health service at the time. An important unit of the Ministry of Education and Welfare (now renamed the Department of Health and Human Services). PHS includes all the Department's law enforcement departments and a uniformed law enforcement force, employing more than 6,500 uniformed public health professionals. 24 hours a day, deployed by the Minister or Assistant Minister in the event of an emergency, with the aim of providing public health, safety and disease prevention services, as well as the promotion of scientific research in public health, including environmental and occupational health, medicine, Nursing, Dentistry, Pharmacy, Social work, Hospital Administration, Nutrition, Engineering, Science, Veterinary Medicine, Health Information Technology and other Health related Professionals. Members of the law enforcement force often fight the front line in the fight against disease and poor sanitation. The PHS is overseen by assistant ministers. The law enforcement team wore a navy-like blue uniform, similar to the navy, whose commander gave the medical director, (surgeon general), a four-star Admiral (in the Navy) or a Vice Admiral (equivalent of a lieutenant general. It is also the main public health spokesman for the federal government, nominated by the U.S. President and confirmed by the Senate. The medical director, who is the department's principal advisor, reports to the assistant secretary and is obliged to educate the American public on public health issues to choose a healthy lifestyle Since 1966, the medical director has been requiring warnings to be printed on all cigarette packages, and since 1988 on all alcoholic beverage packages. In November 2016, the Department of Health and Human Services issued the Director of Health and Human Services report on Alcohol. The report on drugs and Health. The (The Surgeon General's Report on Alcohol,Drugs,and Health), report, "straight face Addiction in the United States," the (Facing Addiction in America), report suggests new approaches to substance abuse and the associated substance use disorders associated with psychoactive addiction. That is, the path of public health, to distinguish from the current criminal justice approach. The following include a preface by the current Secretary of Health and Human Services, Sylvia Burwell, and a selection of the report.
【作者单位】： 中国社会科学院哲学研究所;
【分类号】：D971.2;DD912.1;R-05
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