我国煤矿安全生产法律机制研究

发布时间：2018-11-25 11:20

【摘要】：目前我国在煤矿产业上的安全形势不容乐观,这对社会秩序以及利益体系,还是社会安全及民众自身安全都构成了威胁,对我国整体的社会价值的提升具有重大影响。为此,能够拥有安全生产的法律机制是迫切需要的。相较于我国的煤矿生产,国外在这方面做的就相当完善,国外拥有健全的煤矿法律体系、安全生产监督制度、对工人自身利益维护的保障机构以及对在岗职工进行培训的专有机构,这一切都是我国目前所不拥有的体制,所以我国在健全生产安全法律机制的路上,还有很长的路要走。当下我国在煤矿生产过程中,由于缺乏系统、科学以及完整的操作教程,使得整个生产过程充满了危险性;在市场监督管理上的缺失,使得整个煤矿市场处于混乱的状态;还有培训机构的缺少,使得在岗的员工不能准确有效安全地操作,这大大加深了危险的因素,同时整个生产工程出现了事故频发的现象,因此对我国煤矿安全生产法律机制的研究刻不容缓。针对如上问题,本文首先阐述了我国煤矿安全生产法律机制的发展历程,并且针对我国煤矿安全法律机制的特点进行了分析;其次,本文就目前我国煤矿安全生产法律机制存在的问题进行研究,分别从法律体系、检查制度、工会监督以及安全意识等方面进行了分析;再次,本文针对上述问题,分别从法律制度修订、执法监管以及企业一线员工这三个角度分析出导致其问题存在的原因;最后从健全煤矿安全生产法律体系、完善煤矿安全生产监察法律机制、加强煤矿企业工会监督以及培育安全生产文化这四个方面提出了完善我国煤矿安全生产法律机制的对策。本文主要研究内容分为以下几个方面展开:第一部分,我国煤矿安全生产法律机制现状。本章概述了煤矿制度发展的主要阶段,煤矿制度发展的阶段主要如下:在1949-1952这期间处于摸索阶段;在1953-1957这期间处于渐渐发展阶段;在1958-1965这期间缓慢发展阶段;在1966-1978这期间基本上处于停滞状态;在1979-1992这期间处于发展阶段;在1993-1999这期间处于快速发展阶段;在2000到至今处于新的发展阶段。同时,本部分还研究了我国煤矿安全生产法律机制的特点。第二部分,我国煤矿安全生产法律机制存在问题。针对我国目前煤矿安全生产法律机制现状,本部分分析了目前我国煤矿生产法律机制存在的问题,我国煤矿安全生产法律机制从建国起到目前经历了不同的时期和阶段,其在煤矿安全生产相关法律体系、煤矿安全生产监管监察制度、工会的监督以及安全文化等方面依然存在这缺陷和问题,这对我国煤矿安全生产发展形成了严重的制约。第三部分,我国煤矿安全生产法律机制问题原因分析。首先,我国现有的关于矿山安全生产的相关法律、法规经过了十几年的发展,这些法律已经不能完全适应现在矿业安全的需要了。其次,因为受到地方利益的巨大影响,地方政府的监察权实际上根本难以得到真正的行使。最后,我国矿产的开采权是属于国家所有的,但由于地方政府分享矿山开采权,并进一步分包给个人企业,使个体矿主成为我国矿山的实际开采者,这也就为我国矿山安全生产埋下了隐患。第四部分,我国煤矿安全生产法律机制的完善对策。首先我国煤矿安全生产法律机制的完善应该从在宪法中增加对公民生命权保护的条款、完善《矿山安全法》以及加快制定相应的法律法规等方面展开。其次,针对我国煤矿安全生产法律的检查和监察机制应该得以完善。再次,应该从企业工会职业化、创新工会领导成员的选举方式、改变工会经费的缴纳方式以及给予工会强有力的维权手段这几方面加强煤矿企业工会监督。最后,职工素质的高低,对于企业的生产环境、管理水平、技术水平的提升都具有决定性的作用,因此想要完善我国安全生产法律机制需从培养安全生产文化入手。
[Abstract]:At present, the security situation of our country in the coal mine industry is not optimistic, this poses a threat to the social order and the interest system, or the social security and the safety of the people, and has a great influence on the improvement of the overall social value of our country. To that end, there is an urgent need to be able to have a legal mechanism for safe production. Compared with the coal mine production in our country, the foreign countries have done well in this respect, have a sound legal system of the coal mine, the safety production supervision system, the safeguard mechanism for the self-benefit maintenance of the workers and the special institutions for the training of the workers on the post, All this is the system not owned by our country, so our country has a long way to go on the way to the sound production of the safety and legal mechanism. At present, in the process of coal mine production, due to the lack of systematic, scientific and complete operation course, the whole production process is full of danger; the lack of supervision and management of the market makes the whole coal mine market in a state of chaos; and the lack of training institutions, so that the employees on the post can operate safely and effectively, which greatly increases the risk factors, and meanwhile, the whole production engineering has the phenomenon of frequent accidents, so the research on the legal mechanism of the coal mine safety production in China is urgent. In view of the above problems, this paper first expounds the development course of the coal mine safety production legal mechanism in China, and analyses the characteristics of the coal mine safety law mechanism in China; and then, this paper studies the existing problems of the coal mine safety production legal mechanism in China. This paper makes an analysis from the legal system, the inspection system, the union supervision and the safety awareness, respectively, and analyzes the causes of the problems from the three angles of the legal system revision, the law enforcement supervision and the first-line staff of the enterprise, respectively. Finally, the countermeasures of improving the legal mechanism of coal mine safety production are put forward from four aspects: perfecting the legal system of coal mine safety production, improving the legal mechanism of coal mine safety production and monitoring, strengthening the supervision of the coal mine enterprise trade union and cultivating the safe production culture. The main contents of this paper are as follows: the first part, the present situation of the legal mechanism of coal mine safety production in China. This chapter provides an overview of the main stages of the development of the coal mine system. The stage of the development of the coal mine system is as follows: during the period 1949-1952, it is at the groping stage; during the period of 1953-1957, it is in the developing stage; during the period 1958-1965, the period of the slow development is in the stagnate state during the period 1966-1978; During the period 1979-1992, the period was at the development stage; during the period 1993-1999, it was in the rapid development phase; in the period 2000-present it was in a new stage of development. At the same time, this part also studies the characteristics of the coal mine safety production legal mechanism in China. In the second part, there are some problems in the legal mechanism of coal mine safety production in China. In view of the present situation of the current legal mechanism of coal mine production in China, this part analyses the existing problems of the existing legal mechanism of coal mine production in China, and the coal mine safety production legal mechanism has experienced different periods and stages from the founding of the People's Republic of China, and it is in the relevant legal system of the coal mine safety production. There are still the defects and problems in the supervision and supervision system of the coal mine safety production, the supervision of the trade union and the safety culture, which has seriously restricted the production and development of the coal mine in China. The third part, the reason analysis of the legal mechanism of coal mine safety production in our country. First of all, the existing laws and regulations on the safe production of the mine have been developed for more than a decade, and these laws have not been fully adapted to the needs of the current mining safety. Secondly, because of the great influence of local interests, the local government's supervisory power is not actually exercised at all. Finally, the mining right of the mineral in our country is owned by the state, but because of the local government to share the mining right, and further sub-contract to the individual enterprise, to make the individual mine the actual mining of the mine, this also provides the hidden danger to the mine safety production in our country. The fourth part is the perfect countermeasure of the coal mine safety production legal mechanism. First of all, the perfection of the legal mechanism of coal mine safety production in China should be carried out in terms of increasing the provisions on the protection of the right to life of the citizens in the constitution, perfecting the Mine Safety Law, and speeding up the development of corresponding laws and regulations. Secondly, the inspection and supervision mechanism of coal mine safety production law in China should be improved. Thirdly, it is necessary to strengthen the supervision of the trade union of the coal mine enterprises from the aspects of the professionalization of the enterprise's trade union, the way of the election of the leading members of the innovation trade union, the way of changing the payment way of the fund of the trade union, and the means of giving strong protection to the trade union. Finally, the level of the staff's quality has a decisive effect on the production environment, the management level and the technical level of the enterprise, so it is necessary to start with the culture of the safe production culture in order to improve the safety production legal mechanism of our country.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.54

【参考文献】