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未成年人监护制度的公权干预研究

发布时间:2018-12-17 21:03
【摘要】:未成年人是一个国家的希望,未成年人的健康成长需要完善的法律作保证。但在现阶段的我国,未成年人监护制度的状况令人担忧,层出不穷的伤害事件时刻提醒着我们改革监护制度的必要性和迫切性。2013年发生在南京的饿死女童案并不是个例,因为家长监护不力而发生的伤害无时无刻不考验着大众的神经。儿童被遗弃、虐待和忽视成为严重的社会问题,不仅屡禁不止,还有日渐发展的趋势。我国在立法和司法理念上普遍认为未成年人的监护问题是“私事”而非“国事”。在立法者和执法者眼中没有给与他们特殊关照的观念,没有把未成年人当做一个需要给与特别保护的群体予以保护,更没有在制度层面上制定未成年人权利保护的具体措施。 目前作为未成年人保护的宪法性法律,我国现行《未成年人保护法》存在立法纲领化、监护主体资格不明确、救济程序缺乏可操作性以及监护监督空白等问题。但是这样的《未成年人保护法》已经不能适应当今社会的发展状况,无法全面保障儿童的利益。改革势在必行。 未成年人监护制度的公权干预是国家公权力在监护领域中的体现,是现代保护未成年人思想在法律层面的一种运用。国家以最终监护人的身份对未成年人给予保护,从而确立并形成国家监护的制度格局。这在一定程度上使监护问题从家庭内部事务变成国家和社会的公共事务。构建未成年人监护制度的公权干预机制,完善监护制度内容、设立专门国家监护主体来统筹各方力量,同时完善监护救济程序及监护监督机制。 国家公权力对监护干预的同时也应把握好公权干预与家庭自治的平衡,未成年人监护制度实质上就是“在国家、家庭和未成年人之间进行权利义务的科学分配,以实现未成年人获得最佳的照料和最优的成长环境。”基层群众自治组织可以设立协调机构,平衡公权干预与家庭自治。全社会都必须树立一个意识:未成年人利益必须得到最大限度的保护。
[Abstract]:Minors are the hope of a country, the healthy growth of minors needs to be guaranteed by perfect laws. But at this stage in China, the situation of the juvenile guardianship system is worrying, and the incessant incidents of injury remind us of the necessity and urgency of reforming the guardianship system. The case of starving girls in Nanjing in 2013 is not an exception. Injuries caused by poor parental supervision test the public's nerves all the time. The abandonment, abuse and neglect of children become serious social problems, not only repeated prohibitions, but also the growing trend. In our country, it is generally believed that the custody of minors is a "private matter" rather than a "state affair". In the eyes of legislators and law enforcers, they do not give them special attention, do not regard minors as a group in need of special protection, and do not make specific measures to protect the rights of minors at the level of system. At present, as the constitutional law for the protection of minors, the current Law on Protection of minors in our country has some problems, such as legislative creed, unclear qualification of guardianship subject, lack of maneuverability of relief procedure and blank supervision of guardianship and so on. However, such a law can not adapt to the current social development, can not fully protect the interests of children. Reform is imperative. The intervention of the public power in the guardianship system of minors is the embodiment of the state public power in the field of guardianship and the application of the modern thought of protecting minors in the legal level. The state protects minors as final guardian, thus establishing and forming the system pattern of state guardianship. To some extent, this causes guardianship to change from the internal affairs of the family to the public affairs of the state and society. Construct the public right intervention mechanism of minors guardianship system, perfect the content of guardianship system, set up special state guardianship subject to coordinate the power of all sides, at the same time, perfect the guardianship relief procedure and guardianship supervision mechanism. While the state public power interferes with guardianship, it should also grasp the balance between public power intervention and family autonomy. In essence, the juvenile guardianship system is "the scientific distribution of rights and obligations between the state, the family and the minor". In order to achieve the best care for minors and the best environment for growth. " Grassroots mass self-governing organizations may set up coordination agencies to balance public power intervention and family autonomy. The whole society must establish a consciousness that the interests of minors must be protected to the maximum extent.
【学位授予单位】:内蒙古大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2014
【分类号】:D922.183

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