论行政处罚的有责性

发布时间：2018-12-26 10:02

【摘要】：行政处罚以国家强制力作为后盾,是国家行政权的一个重要内容,是维护社会秩序的重要手段。相对而言,公民权则处于弱势地位,行政处罚可能成为行政主体侵害相对人利益的手段之一。在这种情形下,有部分国家或地区如德国、奥地利以及我国台湾地区在行政处罚立法中引入了有责性理论。通过有责性限制行政权,保障相对人的利益。有责性原则的基本含义为一个人能对其行为负责时,才能加以非难、谴责,核心要求是主张过罚相当。其中“过”既包含主观要件又包含客观要件,但其主要是通过对主观因素的考虑以达到保障相对人权益的目的。从我国目前对行政处罚有责性的研究来看,尚处于初步阶段,立法尚未完善。但若有责性理论在行政处罚领域开始实行,必定犹如惊天巨浪,引起人们重视,并逐渐被人们接受。本文通过对刑罚有责性理论的学习,以及对国外关于有责性立法的研究,系统的阐释了行政处罚有责性的基本概念、特征以及构成要素。其次本文分析了国内外立法实践,并在此基础上阐释了有责性产生的理论依据以及我国发展有责性理论的现实基础。从理论依据上,主要是宪法委托理论、比例原则理论以及法律责任理论。在现实基础上看,从我国行政法基础理论发展趋势以及政策发展形势即可得知。再次,本文在某种程度上回答了部分学者对有责性的质疑,并论证了有责性与行政效率、自由裁量权以及行政相对人申辩权并无矛盾,反而有着相辅相成的关系。又次,本文从我国立法现状来看,指出缺乏有责性可能导致的问题并进行了原因分析。最后,本文在问题的基础上提出要从立法确认、内部引导以及公民导向三个方面建构我国行政处罚有责性制度的建议。
[Abstract]:Administrative punishment is an important content of state administrative power and an important means to maintain social order. In contrast, civil rights are in a weak position, and administrative punishment may become one of the means for the administrative subject to infringe on the interests of the counterpart. In this case, some countries or regions, such as Germany, Austria and Taiwan, have introduced the theory of responsibility in the legislation of administrative punishment. Limit the executive power through the responsibility, safeguard the interests of the relative person. The basic meaning of the principle of accountability is that a person can blame and condemn only when he can be responsible for his actions. The core requirement is that excessive punishment is equal. Among them, "overpass" includes both subjective and objective elements, but it is mainly through the consideration of subjective factors to achieve the purpose of protecting the rights and interests of the counterpart. From the current research on the responsibility of administrative punishment in our country, it is still in the initial stage and the legislation is not perfect. However, if the theory of responsibility begins to be implemented in the field of administrative punishment, it will be like a huge wave, which attracts people's attention and is gradually accepted by people. Based on the study of the theory of liability of punishment and the research on the legislation of liability abroad, this paper systematically explains the basic concept, characteristics and constituent elements of the responsibility of administrative punishment. Secondly, this paper analyzes the legislative practice at home and abroad, and on this basis explains the theoretical basis for the emergence of accountability and the realistic basis for the development of the theory of accountability in China. On the theoretical basis, it is mainly constitutional entrustment theory, proportional principle theory and legal responsibility theory. On the basis of reality, we can know from the development trend of basic theory of administrative law and the situation of policy development in our country. Thirdly, to a certain extent, this paper answers some scholars' doubts about accountability, and demonstrates that there is no contradiction between accountability and administrative efficiency, discretion and the right of administrative counterpart to defend, but there is a complementary relationship. Again, this paper points out the possible problems caused by the lack of accountability from the point of view of the current legislative situation of our country, and analyzes the causes. Finally, on the basis of the problem, this paper puts forward some suggestions to construct the accountability system of administrative punishment in our country from three aspects: legislative confirmation, internal guidance and citizen orientation.
【学位授予单位】：中共重庆市委党校
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D922.1

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