中国企业对外直接投资的母国宏观经济效应研究

发布时间：2018-03-01 06:17

本文关键词： 对外直接投资国家特定优势宏观经济效应投资促进体系　出处：《南开大学》2013年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：经济全球化使得各国经济主动或被动地参与到了国际分工和交换之中,各国和各地区之间的商品、资本、技术以及信息的加速流动,极大地推动了资源在全世界范围之内的有效配置。跨国直接投资现已成为推动世界经济增长的重要因素之一,任何一个国家都不可能仅依靠自身的资源、资金、技术或市场来谋求发展,走国际化经营的道路己经成为必然选择。跨国直接投资发展至今,其研究主要是基于跨国直接投资对东道国经济的影响,而对投资母国经济的影响关注比较少,投资母国的对外投资政策因素也未能有效纳入研究的框架。然而投资国对外投资政策的制定对于投资的规模、区位、行业、投资方式及所有制形式有着重要的影响。20世纪80年代以来,随着国际经济格局的重大变动,各国在鼓励国外资本流入的同时,逐渐放松对本国对外直接投资的管制,并积极采取措施鼓励对外直接投资活动,这一方面对跨国投资理论提出了新的挑战,另一方面也对对外直接投资的实证研究提出了要求。我国利用外资的方式已经从“引进来”为主,逐步转向“引进来”和“走出去”并举,“走出去”成为中国企业积极利用国内国外两种资源参与经济全球化的必然选择。但是由于历史、制度、经济发展水平等多方面的原因,导致中国对外直接投资在理论和实践上仍然存在许多误区和空白,因此本文力图对中国对外直接投资进行深入而系统的探讨。虽然传统的和发展中国家的FDI理论具有一定的解释力,但由于受到经济环境、所有权优势、治理结构或者政策因素的影响,中国对外直接投资具有相对独立性,迫切需要新的理论和方法予以解释。对中国对外直接投资的研究有利于丰富和推进发展中国家对外直接投资理论,为相关学者提供理论参考,为中国政府提供政策建议,为中国企业提供实践指导。本文围绕这一重大主题,提出了国家特定优势理论,为我国企业的对外直接投资构建了理论框架。并从经济增长、贸易、就业、技术进步、以及产业结构调整等方面测度了对外直接投资对中国宏观经济的影响,然后在总结分析我国投资促进措施的基础之上,提出完善我国投资促进措施的对策建议。本文的研究主要分为以下六个部分：文献综述部分,主要沿着发达国家和发展中国家国际投资理论两条主线,对当今主要的国际直接投资理论做了简要回顾与述评,并在此基础上回顾了中国对外直接投资的理论探索以及发展中国家对外投资理论研究的新进展。对现有对外直接投资理论基础的回顾,有助于在方法与思路方而为研究中国的对外直接投资提供借鉴。现状分析部分,通过对中国对外直接投资的发展历程、对外投资的现状、对外投资的动因及对外投资的难题的分析,通过回顾力求从整体上把握中国对外直接投资的演变及总体特征,为中国对外直接投资母国宏观经济效应的研究提供现实基础。理论研究部分,认为国家特定优势是解释中国企业对外直接投资的理论依据,并从动力机制、经营保障机制、行为主体机制三个方面予以解释,在现有理论的基础上构建了适合我国对外直接投资动机和战略的理论框架。机理分析部分,在总结现有研究成果的基础上,从贸易、就业、经济增长、技术进步、产业结构调整等宏观角度,分析了对外直接投资对母国宏观经济的影响机制,为实证分析提供理论依据。实证研究部分是本文的核心,对中国对外直接投资的贸易效应、就业效应、技术进步效应、产业结构调整效应、经济增长效应进行了实证分析,并对东部、中部、西部地区的宏观经济效应进行了比较研究。得到以下结论：在贸易、产业结构调整、经济增长方面,对外直接投资有比较显著的拉动作用。但在技术进步和就业方面,对外直接投资虽然起到了促进作用,但是效果不理想。对外直接投资的母国宏观经济效应一般在东部地区比中西部地区更为明显。对策建议部分,根据中国对外直接投资促进措施的实施情况,在借鉴国际经验的基础之上,提出完善我国对外直接投资促进措施的对策建议,体现了本文的现实意义与价值。具体包括：设立统一管理机构,完善法律保障体系；加强对外投资财政金融扶持；完善投资信息咨询和技术援助；完善投资保险及知识产权保障机制；构建多元化投资格局。
[Abstract]:The economic globalization makes the world economy actively or passively involved in the international division of labor and exchange among countries and regions are commodities, capital, technology and accelerate the flow of information, greatly promoting the efficient allocation of resources within the whole world. Foreign direct investment has become one of the important factors to promote the growth of the world economy. Any country can not only rely on their own resources, capital, technology and market development, take the road of internationalization has become the inevitable choice of the development of transnational direct investment. So far, the research is mainly based on the FDI impact on economy of host country, and less impact on the economy of the investing country concerned the factors of foreign investment policies, investment can not effectively into the research framework. However, making foreign investment policy for investment in the scale of investment, location, With the.20 industry, in 80s affected important investment and ownership, with significant changes in the international economy, countries in encouraging foreign capital inflows at the same time, gradually relaxed on its foreign direct investment regulation, and actively take measures to encourage foreign direct investment on the one hand, put forward new challenges on the theory of transnational investment, on the other hand, the empirical research on foreign direct investment requirements.
China's utilization of foreign capital has been mainly from the "Introduction", to "bring in" and "going out" and "going out" to become Chinese enterprises to actively use the domestic and foreign two kind of resources involved in the inevitable choice of economic globalization. But because of history, system, the reasons of economic development level. Lead Chinese foreign direct investment still exist many problems in theory and practice, this paper tries to in-depth and systematic study on Chinese foreign direct investment. Although the traditional FDI theory and the developing countries have some explanatory power, but due to the economic environment, the impact of governance structure or ownership advantages, policy factors, Chinese foreign direct investment is relatively independent, in urgent need of new theory and method are explained. China research on foreign direct investment is conducive to enrich and promote Developing foreign direct investment theory, provide a theoretical reference for the relevant scholars, provide policy advice to the government Chinese, to provide practical guidance for enterprises. China this paper focuses on the major theme, put forward the specific advantage theory, constructing a theoretical framework for foreign direct investment of Chinese enterprises. And the economic growth, trade, employment, technology progress and adjustment of industrial structure to measure the impact of foreign direct investment on the basis of China macro economy, then summarized the analysis of China's investment promotion measures, proposed consummates our country investment promotion countermeasure measure.
The research of this paper is divided into six parts:
The part of literature review, mainly along the developed and developing countries in international investment theory of the two main line, made a brief review and comment on the theory of direct investment in today's main international, and on the basis of review of the theoretical exploration Chinese of foreign direct investment and new progress in the study of the theory of foreign investment in developing countries. On the basis of reviewing the existing theory of foreign direct investment that helps in methods and ideas and for the study of foreign direct investment China to provide reference.
The analysis of the present situation, through the course of development of China foreign direct investment, foreign investment situation, problem analysis of reasons for foreign investment and foreign investment, through reviewing the evolution and strive to grasp the general characteristics of China foreign direct investment as a whole, provide a realistic basis for research on the macroeconomic effects of China foreign direct investment.
The part of theoretical research, that country specific advantage is the theoretical basis for the interpretation of foreign direct investment China enterprises, and from the power mechanism, operation mechanism, three aspects of behavior of the main mechanism is explained, based on the existing theory and constructed the theoretical framework for China's motivation and strategy of foreign direct investment.
In the part of mechanism analysis, on the basis of summarizing the existing research results, from the macro perspective of trade, employment, economic growth, technological progress and industrial structure adjustment, this paper analyzes the mechanism of the impact of outward FDI on the macroeconomy of the home country, and provides a theoretical basis for empirical analysis.
The part of empirical research is the core of this paper, the employment effect of the trade effect of foreign direct investment, China, technical progress, industrial structure adjustment effect, economic growth effect is analyzed, and the eastern, central and western regions of the macroeconomic effects are studied. We get the following conclusions: in the trade, the adjustment of industrial structure and the economic growth, foreign direct investment has a more significant role in stimulating. But in technological progress and employment, foreign direct investment has played a role, but the effect is not ideal. The home country macro economic effects of foreign direct investment in general in the eastern region than the central and western regions is more obvious.
The suggestion part, according to the Chinese foreign direct investment to promote the implementation of measures, based on international experience, put forward to perfect China's Foreign Direct Investment Promotion Countermeasures measures, reflects the significance and value of this article. Including: the establishment of a unified management mechanism, improve the legal system of foreign investment; strengthen the fiscal and financial support improve the investment; information consultation and technical assistance; perfect investment insurance and intellectual property protection mechanism; constructing the diversified investment pattern.

【学位授予单位】：南开大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F279.2;F832.6

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