我国商业银行盈利模式转型：原因、影响及对策

发布时间：2018-09-08 08:18

【摘要】：当前,我国经济发展进入“新常态”,经济增长速度放缓,经济下行压力较大。银行业是典型的顺经济周期行业,顺应经济进入新常态的形势,银行业也正步入自身发展的新常态,表现在不良贷款增多、利润增速减缓。盈利性是商业银行经营管理的首要目标,作为盈利性企业,利润最大化是其追求的核心。面对利润空间的不断收窄,商业银行要想在新常态下走出困境,必须要深化改革,推动盈利模式转型。商业银行盈利模式指商业银行获得最大利润的方式,商业银行的盈利模式决定了它的盈利能力、市场竞争力等。长期以来,由于分业经营、利率管制,存贷业务间的利差较高,使得我国商业银行一直依托以存贷利息差为利润来源的单一盈利模式。近年来,随着经营环境的变化,传统利差收入盈利模式难以获得较快的利润增长,银行业开始思考盈利模式转型,尝试向收入结构多元化的盈利模式发展,通过发展非利息收入来拓展收入来源。本文的主要研究目的就是研究我国商业银行盈利模式的转型,通过理论与实证分析,为我国商业银行的转型方向提供指导。选取了我国58家商业银行2010-2015年数据为研究对象,重点分析了我国商业银行盈利模型转型的原因和盈利模式转型的影响。盈利模式转型的原因包括外部环境的变化和自身经营现状两方面。关于盈利模式转型影响,从营业收入稳定性和商业银行绩效水平两方面进行了研究。研究结果显示:非利息收入能够分散风险,提高商业银行营业收入的稳定性;非利息收入的发展、收入结构多元化程度的加深能显著提高大中型股份制商业银行的绩效水平,对城市商业银行则不显著。可见,向收入结构多元化的盈利模式转型是有效果的,大中型股份制商业银行已经在向多元化转型,非利息收入的占比相对较高,随着盈利模式的转型,绩效水平也能显著提升。我国商业银行应该坚持盈利模式向收入结构多元化转型。
[Abstract]:At present, China's economic development into the "new normal", economic growth slowed down, the downward pressure on the economy. The banking industry is a typical pro-business cycle industry, complying with the situation of the economy entering the new normal. The banking industry is also entering the new normal of its own development, which is manifested in the increase of non-performing loans and the slow growth of profits. Profitability is the primary goal of commercial bank management. As a for-profit enterprise, profit maximization is the core of its pursuit. Faced with the narrowing of profit space, if commercial banks want to get out of the dilemma under the new normal, they must deepen the reform and promote the transformation of profit model. The profit model of commercial bank refers to the way in which the commercial bank obtains the maximum profit. The profit mode of the commercial bank determines its profitability, market competitiveness and so on. For a long time commercial banks in our country have been relying on the single profit mode which is based on the interest difference between deposit and loan because of the separation of business interest rate control and the high interest difference between deposit and loan business. In recent years, with the change of operating environment, it is difficult for the traditional profit mode to gain rapid profit growth. The banking industry has begun to think about the transformation of profit model and try to develop the profit model with diversified income structure. Develop sources of income by developing non-interest income. The main purpose of this paper is to study the transformation of the profit model of commercial banks in China, and to provide guidance for the transformation of commercial banks through theoretical and empirical analysis. The data of 58 commercial banks in China from 2010 to 2015 are selected as the research objects, and the reasons for the transformation of the profit model of commercial banks and the influence of the transformation of the profit model are analyzed. The reasons for the transformation of profit mode include the change of external environment and the present situation of its own operation. As to the influence of profit model transformation, this paper studies the stability of operating income and the performance level of commercial banks. The results show that non-interest income can spread risks and improve the stability of commercial banks' operating income, and the development of non-interest income and the deepening of income structure diversification can significantly improve the performance level of large and medium-sized joint-stock commercial banks. Urban commercial banks are not significant. It can be seen that the transformation to a diversified profit model of income structure is effective. Large and medium-sized joint-stock commercial banks are already in the process of diversification, and the proportion of non-interest income is relatively high. With the transformation of the profit model, Performance levels can also be significantly improved. China's commercial banks should adhere to the profit model to the diversification of income structure transformation.
【学位授予单位】：安徽工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F832.33;F830.42

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