高层建筑物沉降预测及安全评价

发布时间：2018-04-08 22:34

本文选题：变形监测　切入点：灰色理论　出处：《长沙理工大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,随着科学技术与经济的快速发展,我国的高层建筑物、各种大型桥梁工程及铁道工程、水利水电工程等日新月异。这些大型工程空间上节约资源,生活方面提供便利,但是大型工程的建设具有其特殊性,如建筑施工工期较长、施工受自然环境影响较大、施工过程具有单向性等。因此,为保证建筑物在施工期间及投入使用后的安全性,需对建筑物进行定期的安全监测,以保证其变形在规范规定的变形范围之内。论文的主要研究工作如下：(1)概述了建筑物变形监测技术,对沉降监测方法、沉降监测基本要求、沉降监测方案设计、变形监测数据处理方法及观测资料的整理进行了探讨。(2)基于建筑物监测数据较少的特点,选取灰色理论进行预测分析。结合工程实测数据,针对建筑物时效变形具有一定单调性和弱随机性的特点,利用灰色理论改进模型,分别对两个不同地点,具有不同地质条件的两栋高层建筑8期沉降观测数据建立模型,通过分析得工程实例1和工程实例2的预测数据,计算可知模型的精度级别均为1级,在一定程度上反映了建筑物的沉降趋势。采用置信区间估计法,通过选取显著性水平作为分界点,对工程实例2的灰色预测数据进行安全评价,得出此预测数据显示的建筑物变形状态在安全运行区间内,一定程度上反映了运行性态。(3)运用模糊综合评判基本原理,选取工程实例2的绝对沉降和水平位移等影响建筑物安全使用的变形作为第一层评价因素,列举变形量和变形速率等作为第二层评价子集,建立建筑物安全评判模型,并分别针对建筑物建设6个月时、建设完成时两种情况,从建筑物安全等级和建筑物安全综合评分两方面对建筑物的安全状态进行评判。通过分析工程现场监测数据,得出该建筑物变形处于安全可控范围内。论文基于建筑物安全预测及安全评价的重要性,引入了两种评判其安全状态的方法与理论,并将此两种方法在实际工程案例中应用,验证了论文所介绍方法的实用性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of science and technology and economy, China's high-rise buildings, various large-scale bridge projects and railway projects, water conservancy and hydropower projects are changing rapidly.These large-scale projects save resources in space and provide convenience in life, but the construction of large-scale projects has its particularity, such as the construction period is longer, the construction is greatly affected by the natural environment, and the construction process is unidirectional and so on.Therefore, in order to ensure the safety of the building during construction and after putting into use, it is necessary to carry out regular safety monitoring to ensure that the deformation of the building is within the range of deformation specified in the code.The main research work of this paper is as follows: (1) the building deformation monitoring technology, the settlement monitoring method, the basic requirements of settlement monitoring, and the design of settlement monitoring scheme are summarized.The processing method of deformation monitoring data and the arrangement of observation data are discussed. Based on the characteristics of less monitoring data of buildings, grey theory is selected for prediction and analysis.Combined with the measured data of engineering, in view of the characteristic of certain monotonicity and weak randomness of aging deformation of buildings, the grey theory is used to improve the model, and two different locations are obtained.Two high-rise buildings with different geological conditions are modeled by the settlement observation data in the 8th phase. By analyzing the prediction data of engineering case 1 and engineering case 2, it is found that the accuracy of the model is 1 grade.To some extent, it reflects the settlement trend of buildings.By using confidence interval estimation method and selecting significant level as the boundary point, the grey prediction data of engineering example 2 are evaluated, and the deformation state of the building shown by the prediction data is found to be in the safe operation zone.The basic principle of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is used to select the deformation affecting the safe use of buildings, such as absolute settlement and horizontal displacement of engineering example 2, as the first floor evaluation factor.In this paper, the deformation and deformation rate are listed as the second evaluation subsets, and the building safety evaluation model is established, aiming at the two situations when the building is built for 6 months and the construction is completed.The safety state of buildings is evaluated from two aspects: building safety grade and building safety comprehensive score.By analyzing the field monitoring data, it is concluded that the deformation of the building is in a safe and controllable range.Based on the importance of building safety prediction and safety evaluation, this paper introduces two methods and theories to evaluate the safety state of buildings, and applies these two methods in practical engineering cases to verify the practicability of the methods introduced in this paper.
【学位授予单位】：长沙理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU433

【参考文献】