预氯化对溴代消毒副产物的影响研究

发布时间：2018-06-24 04:52

  本文选题：预氯化 + 溴代消毒副产物　； 参考：《天津大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着社会经济的快速发展,越来越多的污染物通过不同的途径排入水体,使饮用水水源受到了不同程度的污染。受此影响,预氯化工艺被广泛地应用于受污染水源水的处理,但其应用却会产生较高浓度的消毒副产物,降低饮用水的安全性。由于溴代消毒副产物的毒性远高于氯代消毒副产物,且在国内饮用水厂出水中常被检出,因此研究预氯化工艺对水源水溴代消毒副产物的影响具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。本文以天津市某水厂的水源水为研究对象,在实验室规模上建立模拟水厂工艺的水处理流程,通过3种不同工艺流程的对比,研究了预氯化和常规工艺对三卤甲烷、卤乙酸和总有机物的影响,以及总有机物对三卤甲烷和卤乙酸的影响;通过改变原水中的溴离子浓度,研究了溴离子浓度对水处理工艺中溴代消毒副产物生成的影响及其对溴在三卤甲烷和卤乙酸中分配的影响;通过改变预氯化工艺的投氯量,研究了预氯化工艺中的有效氯浓度对水处理工艺中溴代消毒副产物生成的影响。实验结果表明:预氯化对出厂水中消毒副产物的产生有显著影响,当预氯化工艺中有效氯的投加浓度为1.2mg/L时,有预氯化时最终出水中三卤甲烷和卤乙酸的浓度约为没有进行预氯化时的1.3和1.4倍;混凝沉淀工艺对三卤甲烷的去除率为10.3%,却不能去除卤乙酸,砂滤工艺对三卤甲烷和卤乙酸的去除率分别为18.5%和9.25%;预氯化工艺能强化对有机物的去除效果,但是总有机物浓度对三卤甲烷和卤乙酸生成浓度的影响很小,而氯则是两者生成的重要限制因素。随着溴离子浓度的增加,三卤甲烷和卤乙酸的溴结合因子均升高,溴代消毒副产物比例升高,氯代消毒副产物比例降低。但是在本文设定的溴离子浓度变化范围内,溴离子浓度对溴在三卤甲烷和卤乙酸中的分配比例影响不大;4种水处理单元中,只有预氯化和消毒单元能改变溴代消毒副产物和氯代消毒副产物的比例。在水中有机物浓度充足的条件下,有效氯浓度越高,反应时间越长,三卤甲烷和卤乙酸的生成浓度越高;而预氯化中的投氯量会对最终出水中的三卤甲烷和卤乙酸浓度产生直接影响,应对其严加控制。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of social economy, more and more pollutants are discharged into the water body through different ways, which makes the drinking water source be polluted to different degrees. Under this influence, prechlorination process is widely used in the treatment of polluted source water, but its application will produce higher concentration of disinfection by-products and reduce the safety of drinking water. Because the toxicity of brominated disinfection by-products is much higher than that of chlorinated disinfection by-products, and is often detected in domestic drinking water plants, it is of great theoretical significance and practical value to study the effect of pre-chlorination process on bromine disinfection by-products in source water. Taking the source water of a water plant in Tianjin as the research object, the water treatment process of simulated water plant process was established on a laboratory scale. Through the comparison of three different processes, the pre-chlorination and conventional process for trihalomethane were studied. The effects of haloacetic acid and total organic matter, and the effects of total organic matter on trihalomethane and haloacetic acid; by changing the concentration of bromine ions in raw water, The effects of bromine ion concentration on the formation of brominated disinfection by-products and the distribution of bromine in trihalomethane and haloacetic acid were studied. The effect of available chlorine concentration in prechlorination process on the formation of brominated disinfection by-products in water treatment process was studied. The experimental results show that pre-chlorination has a significant effect on the production of disinfection by-products in the water from the factory. When the concentration of available chlorine in the pre-chlorination process is 1.2 mg / L, The concentrations of trihalomethane and haloacetic acid in the final effluent with pre-chlorination were 1.3 and 1.4 times higher than those without pre-chlorination, and the removal rate of trihalomethane by coagulation and precipitation process was 10.3, but the haloacetic acid could not be removed. The removal rates of trihalomethane and haloacetic acid by sand filtration process were 18.5% and 9.25%, respectively, and the removal efficiency of organic matter was enhanced by pre-chlorination process, but the total organic matter concentration had little effect on the formation concentration of trihalomethane and haloacetic acid. Chlorine is an important limiting factor in the formation of both. With the increase of bromine ion concentration, the bromine binding factors of trihalomethane and haloacetic acid increased, the proportion of brominated disinfection by-products increased, and the proportion of chlorinated disinfection by-products decreased. However, in the range of bromine ion concentration set in this paper, the concentration of bromine ion has little effect on the distribution ratio of bromine in trihalomethane and haloacetic acid. Only prechlorination and disinfection units can change the proportion of brominated disinfection by-products and chlorinated disinfection by-products. The higher the concentration of available chlorine is and the longer the reaction time is, the higher the concentration of trihalomethane and haloacetic acid is. The concentration of trihalomethane and haloacetic acid in the final effluent will be directly affected by the amount of chlorine in the pre-chlorination, which should be strictly controlled.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU991.2

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