基于模糊PID控制的中央空调水系统节能方法研究

发布时间：2018-06-26 19:56

本文选题：中央空调 + 模糊控制　；参考：《青岛理工大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来，国内经济的高速发展，能源的消耗量日趋增大，这不仅带来了能源的危机,而且使环境问题日趋严重，因此节能减排，低碳环保势在必行。在所有能耗形式中，建筑设备能耗是最主要的能量消耗的形式之一，其中供热采暖和空调制冷占建筑总能耗比例达到60%-70%，为此建筑节能应首先考虑采取空调节能的自动化控制手段。通常，，中央空调的能耗一般包括空调机组末端设备的耗电量、冷冻水冷却水水泵能耗、空气送风排风输送系统与机耗电量和空调冷热源的能耗等几大部分，涉及部件多，结构复杂。此外，中央空调系统多回路耦合、多变量非线性、大滞后时变性特点明显，这些特征也增加了控制难度。近年来随着绿色节能建筑的推中央空调系统节能控制技术的研究有逐渐为人们所重视。目前中央空调水系统采用的调节方式主要是以最简单的开关机组、泵和风机的控制方法，这种控制模式结构简单，但是能耗最大。较高级一点的采用了PID调节，而PID调节性能的优劣主要依靠比例微分或者积分参数的整定，由于中央空调水系统时间常数较大，结构复杂，因此PID控制参数现场确定难度较大，而通过经验人工设定往往又受到很大的局限性。因此，将现代控制理论中的模糊控制与经典控制方法PID控制相融合，实现PID参数在线模糊自整定的控制方法，对于提高中央空调水系统的控制精度、鲁棒特性和可靠性等具有相当的现实意义和实用价值，节能经济效益可观。本研究首先综合分析中央空调冷冻水冷却水系统的运行原理与结构特点，通过对其常年运行的能耗分析和在中央空调系统中控制现状的分析，结合经验控制方法，确定出模糊PID控制方案，并设计出相应的模糊控制器。为了验证其效果，运用MATLAB软件对控制器的运行工况进行了仿真模拟和性能计算研究，并与常规PID控制特性在稳定性可靠性和能耗等方面进行分析对比，证明所设计系统的合理性。研究最后结合某综合性娱乐购物中心采用该模糊PID控制器的运行分析，进一步验证了系统的可靠性和控制的准确性，确定了该控制器可用于实现中央空调水系统高效运行和节能降耗的目标。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of domestic economy, the consumption of energy is increasing day by day, which not only brings the crisis of energy, but also makes the environmental problems become more and more serious. Therefore, energy saving and emission reduction, low-carbon environmental protection is imperative. Of all the energy consumption forms, building equipment energy consumption is one of the most important forms of energy consumption. The proportion of heating and air conditioning to total building energy consumption is 60 to 70. For this reason, the automatic control measures of air conditioning energy saving should be considered first. Generally speaking, the energy consumption of central air conditioning includes the power consumption of the equipment at the end of the air conditioning unit, the energy consumption of the cooling water pump of the chilled water, the energy consumption of the air supply and exhaust air conveying system and the energy consumption of the cooling and heat sources of the air conditioning, and so on. The structure is complex. In addition, the characteristics of multi-loop coupling, multivariable nonlinearity and large time-varying delay in central air conditioning system also increase the difficulty of control. In recent years, with the development of green energy-saving buildings, the research of energy-saving control technology of central air-conditioning system has been paid more and more attention. At present, the control mode of central air conditioning water system is mainly based on the simplest control method of switchgear, pump and fan. The control mode is simple, but the energy consumption is the greatest. Pid regulation is adopted at a higher level, and the performance of pid regulation mainly depends on proportional differential or integral parameter setting. Because of the large time constant and complex structure of central air conditioning water system, it is difficult to determine pid control parameters in the field. But through the experience manual setting often receives the very big limitation. Therefore, the fuzzy control in modern control theory and the classical pid control method are combined to realize the on-line fuzzy self-tuning pid parameters control method, which can improve the control accuracy of central air conditioning water system. The robustness and reliability are of practical significance and practical value, and the economic benefits of energy conservation are considerable. In this study, the operation principle and structure characteristics of the central air-conditioning chilled water cooling water system are analyzed synthetically at first. Through the energy consumption analysis of its perennial operation and the analysis of the control status in the central air conditioning system, the experience control method is combined. The fuzzy pid control scheme is determined and the corresponding fuzzy controller is designed. In order to verify its effect, MATLAB software is used to simulate and calculate the operating conditions of the controller, and the stability, reliability and energy consumption of the controller are analyzed and compared with the conventional pid control characteristics. The rationality of the designed system is proved. Finally, the fuzzy pid controller is applied to a comprehensive entertainment shopping center, which further verifies the reliability of the system and the accuracy of the control. It is determined that the controller can be used to achieve the goal of efficient operation and energy saving and consumption reduction of central air conditioning water system.
【学位授予单位】：青岛理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU831

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