声音生态学视域下的贵州东部传统聚落声景研究
发布时间:2018-07-16 22:21
【摘要】:声景研究是近些年来国内新兴且备受瞩目的研究新趋势,是为了解决由城市发展日渐加快所带来的各种声压力而开展的必不可少的研究。同时由于声景观形象地透射出一个族群或地域的生态与文化特色,因此运用声音生态学作为声景研究的方法之一,提倡分别从生态和文化角度分别搜集地域声音资料、分析声景特征,并同时伴随着濒危声音遗产的保护与利用,是保护地域文化完整性的重要内容之一。本论文就是以声音生态学理论中关于声景类型的分类为框架,以贵州东部传统聚落声景观的自然生态与文化社会特征为对象,旨在解析不同声源客观声学指标特性、特殊空间声场特性等的同时,一方面为景观设计提供可利用的声源资料,另一方面将当地特有文化和社会时期的声景作为珍贵遗产加以保护,构建视觉景观与声音景观相结合的保护理念,可以弥补传统聚落空间的景观研究在声方面的缺失。更希望以此为开端,逐步对中国各种传统聚落与建筑空间开展相关声学研究。 本论文将研究视阈定为贵州东部传统聚落的声景,故研究对象亦从两个方面加以诠释:即生态与文化。文章根据声音的自然属性、人文属性和社会属性,将声景分为基调声(Keynote sounds)、信号声(Signals)和标志声(Marknotes),以此作为研究的主要框架。通过梳理声源类型、分析声音频谱特征与文化特质、建立与模拟空间声传播特性模型等,尝试用最科学的调查数据来诠释贵州东部地区声景所蕴含的生态与文化特征。研究方法以田野调查法为主,文献查阅法为辅,针对现有的各种声源、聚落空间的声特征、观演空间的声感受进行现场数据搜集与测试,方法有定点测试、移动测试与混响时间测试。测试结果运用声学分析软件对包括声压级SPL、频谱、混响时间RT等在内的客观声学指标加以分析与统计、比较研究,,并进行声场的仿真模拟与分析。 通过研究,首先在生态层面,总结出了当地主要自然声源类型,发现了一些特殊声源的主要特征,如岜沙苗寨虫叫声以高频声为主、没有低频声的特征,位于不同流域流水声、以及天井院落内外雨声等的声压级与声音频谱的主要差别,并分别建立了苗族山地聚落和汉族天井聚落的声景氛围特征和典型空间的声传播模型;其次在文化层面,获得了传统民俗和生产声景观中主要声源的客观指标特性,包括传统苗族集市声景的背景噪声和环境噪声特点、主要商业响器大锣与小锣声的声音特征异同、以及苗族传统节日声景的声场构成特点和几种主要声源的频谱特征,并由语言声学获得当地少数民族语言特征——具有“乐语”的韵味;最后在社会层面,揭示了火药枪声和木鼓声等传统单一信号声源的频谱特征与社会功能,突出了鼓楼木鼓声的信号声景涵义研究和在侗族聚落声场中所起到的统领作用,并发现了苗族铜鼓坪和土家族、汉族傩堂戏台及其院落的声压级SPL、早期声衰减EDT与混响时间RT、以及语言传输指数STI等声场分布特性。此外,论文还通过借鉴非物质文化保护的一般性原则,并结合贵州东部传统聚落的生态与文化影响因子与声景现状研究,构建了相应的传统声景保护设计理念和声景数据统计系统等,使珍贵的声景资源得到更合理地保护与利用。
[Abstract]:This paper , based on the classification of sound scene type in the theory of sound ecology , is one of the most important contents in the study of sound scene .
Based on the natural attribute , human attribute and social attribute of sound , this paper divides the sound scene into keynote , signal and Marknotes , and tries to use the most scientific investigation data to explain the ecological and cultural characteristics of the sound scene in the eastern part of Guizhou .
Through the research , firstly , the main natural sound source types are summarized in the ecological level , and the main characteristics of some special sound sources are found , such as the characteristics of high - frequency sound , the characteristics of low - frequency sound , the sound pressure level and the sound frequency spectrum of the rain sound and the like in the courtyard and outside of the courtyard , and the sound propagation model of the sound scene atmosphere characteristic and the typical space of the Miao mountain settlement and the Han Tianjing settlement respectively ;
Second , at the cultural level , the objective index characteristics of the main sound sources in the traditional folk custom and the production sound landscape are obtained , including the background noise and the environmental noise characteristics of the traditional Miao village sound scene , the characteristics of the sound field of the main commercial sound scene and the sound characteristics of the small gong sound , and the spectral characteristics of the sound field of the Miao traditional festival sound scene and the spectral characteristics of the main sound sources , and the language characteristics of the local ethnic minorities are obtained by language acoustics .
At last , at the social level , the spectral characteristics and social functions of traditional single signal sound sources , such as fire gun sound and wooden drumming , are revealed , and the sound field distribution characteristics of sound pressure level SPL , early sound attenuation and reverberation time RT , and language transmission index STI are highlighted . In addition , the paper constructs a corresponding traditional sound scene protection design concept and sound scene data statistical system by reference to the general principles of non - material cultural protection and combines the ecological and cultural impact factors of traditional settlements in eastern Guizhou .
【学位授予单位】:哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】:博士
【学位授予年份】:2014
【分类号】:TU982.29;TU112
本文编号:2127824
[Abstract]:This paper , based on the classification of sound scene type in the theory of sound ecology , is one of the most important contents in the study of sound scene .
Based on the natural attribute , human attribute and social attribute of sound , this paper divides the sound scene into keynote , signal and Marknotes , and tries to use the most scientific investigation data to explain the ecological and cultural characteristics of the sound scene in the eastern part of Guizhou .
Through the research , firstly , the main natural sound source types are summarized in the ecological level , and the main characteristics of some special sound sources are found , such as the characteristics of high - frequency sound , the characteristics of low - frequency sound , the sound pressure level and the sound frequency spectrum of the rain sound and the like in the courtyard and outside of the courtyard , and the sound propagation model of the sound scene atmosphere characteristic and the typical space of the Miao mountain settlement and the Han Tianjing settlement respectively ;
Second , at the cultural level , the objective index characteristics of the main sound sources in the traditional folk custom and the production sound landscape are obtained , including the background noise and the environmental noise characteristics of the traditional Miao village sound scene , the characteristics of the sound field of the main commercial sound scene and the sound characteristics of the small gong sound , and the spectral characteristics of the sound field of the Miao traditional festival sound scene and the spectral characteristics of the main sound sources , and the language characteristics of the local ethnic minorities are obtained by language acoustics .
At last , at the social level , the spectral characteristics and social functions of traditional single signal sound sources , such as fire gun sound and wooden drumming , are revealed , and the sound field distribution characteristics of sound pressure level SPL , early sound attenuation and reverberation time RT , and language transmission index STI are highlighted . In addition , the paper constructs a corresponding traditional sound scene protection design concept and sound scene data statistical system by reference to the general principles of non - material cultural protection and combines the ecological and cultural impact factors of traditional settlements in eastern Guizhou .
【学位授予单位】:哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】:博士
【学位授予年份】:2014
【分类号】:TU982.29;TU112
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