北方地区农村住宅供暖季适宜通风方式研究
发布时间：2018-11-02 17:33
【摘要】：随着建筑节能要求的提高，建筑密闭性越来越好。北方地区的农村住宅，没有集中供暖系统，而是依靠室内非清洁能源的燃烧来供暖。这导致室内空气污染严重，大大地影响了室内人员的健康。 本文以改善北方地区农村住宅供暖季室内空气品质为主要目的，对其供暖季的通风方式进行研究。由于北方地区供暖期间室外气温很低的客观条件，以及考虑居民的经济承受能力，基于这些考虑，确立了以室内空气品质、室内热舒适、经济性、噪声为指标的多指标综合评价指标体系。基于所建立的评价指标体系，利用多指标综合评价中常用的层次分析法对不用的权重排序下各指标的权重取值方案进行了计算，获得了19种不同方案下各评价指标的权重值。 根据对评价指标体系中各指标的考虑，对北方地区农村住宅供暖季使用的通风方式进行了总结分析。针对生火（燃烧秸秆）后厨房和卧室污染物浓度急剧上升的现象，对这段时间不同通风方式下的厨房排烟和卧室通风进行了模拟研究，得到对应室内污染物浓度场、温度场、流场等。 对厨房排烟的模拟结果发现，厨房采用气窗+引风机的方式与厨房依靠渗风+烟囱自然排烟两种排烟方式相比，在秸秆燃烧结束时，厨房内的CO、PM2.5浓度分别为1.89mg/m3、0.05mg/m3和3.84mg/m3、0.78mg/m3，两者的CO浓度都满足标准限值，而PM2.5只有采用气窗+引风机的方式才满足要求。 对卧室通风的模拟结果发现，对于所模拟的3种通风方式，排污效果最好的是开启两个窗扇进行通风。在厨房秸秆燃烧过程结束时，它所对应的室内CO和PM2.5浓度分别为2.72mg/m3、0.13mg/m3。其中PM2.5浓度不满足标准限值要求，说明所模拟的几种卧室通风方式只能起到降低室内污染物浓度的作用。 利用模拟数据，结合计算得到的19种不同权重取值方案对所模拟的3种厨房排烟方式和3种卧室通风方式的综合评价值进行计算。结果显示，对厨房的3种排烟方式，，如果认为室内空气品质更重要，那么排烟方式气窗+引风机更好，如果认为经济性更重要，那么采用渗风+烟囱自然排烟更好。而对卧室的3种通风方式，如果认为室内空气品质更重要，那么开两扇窗通风更好，如果认为室内热舒适更重要，那么采用渗透通风更好。
[Abstract]:With the improvement of building energy conservation requirements, building sealing is getting better and better. Rural homes in the north do not have central heating systems, but rely on the burning of indoor non-clean energy. This leads to serious indoor air pollution, greatly affecting the health of indoor personnel. The main purpose of this paper is to improve indoor air quality of rural residential buildings in northern China during heating season. Because of the objective conditions of very low outdoor temperature during heating in the northern region and the consideration of the residents' affordability, based on these considerations, the indoor air quality, indoor thermal comfort, and economy have been established. The index system of multi-index comprehensive evaluation based on noise. Based on the established evaluation index system, this paper calculates the weight selection scheme of each index under the order of unneeded weights by using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), which is commonly used in multi-index comprehensive evaluation, and obtains the weight values of each evaluation index under 19 different schemes. Based on the consideration of each index in the evaluation index system, the ventilation modes of rural residential buildings in northern China during heating season are summarized and analyzed. Aiming at the phenomenon that pollutant concentration in kitchen and bedroom increased sharply after burning straw, the smoke exhaust and bedroom ventilation of kitchen under different ventilation modes during this period were simulated, and the corresponding indoor pollutant concentration field and temperature field were obtained. Flow field, etc. The simulation results of smoke exhaust in kitchen show that the air window fan is used in the kitchen and the CO, in the kitchen is compared with that in the kitchen by the natural exhaust of the chimney. At the end of the straw burning, the CO, in the kitchen is found to be in the kitchen. The PM2.5 concentration is 1.89 mg / m ~ (3) 0. 05 mg / m ~ 3 and 3.84 mg / m ~ (3) 0. 78 mg / m ~ (3) respectively. The CO concentration of both meets the standard limit, while the PM2.5 can only meet the requirements by using the air window induced fan. The simulation results of bedroom ventilation show that for the three simulated ventilation modes, the best drainage effect is to open two window sashes for ventilation. At the end of kitchen straw burning, the indoor CO and PM2.5 concentrations were 2.72 mg / m ~ (3) and 0.13 mg / m ~ (3), respectively. The concentration of PM2.5 does not meet the standard limit, which shows that the simulated ventilation modes of bedroom can only reduce the concentration of indoor pollutants. Based on the simulated data and 19 different weight schemes, the comprehensive evaluation values of 3 kinds of kitchen smoke exhaust modes and 3 kinds of bedroom ventilation modes were calculated. The results showed that if the indoor air quality was more important, the air window induced fan was better for the three types of exhaust smoke in the kitchen, and if the economy was more important, it would be better to use the natural exhaust smoke from the seeped chimney. For the three ventilation modes of the bedroom, if the indoor air quality is more important, then it is better to open two windows, and if the indoor thermal comfort is more important, it is better to adopt permeable ventilation.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU834
本文编号：2306472
[Abstract]:With the improvement of building energy conservation requirements, building sealing is getting better and better. Rural homes in the north do not have central heating systems, but rely on the burning of indoor non-clean energy. This leads to serious indoor air pollution, greatly affecting the health of indoor personnel. The main purpose of this paper is to improve indoor air quality of rural residential buildings in northern China during heating season. Because of the objective conditions of very low outdoor temperature during heating in the northern region and the consideration of the residents' affordability, based on these considerations, the indoor air quality, indoor thermal comfort, and economy have been established. The index system of multi-index comprehensive evaluation based on noise. Based on the established evaluation index system, this paper calculates the weight selection scheme of each index under the order of unneeded weights by using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), which is commonly used in multi-index comprehensive evaluation, and obtains the weight values of each evaluation index under 19 different schemes. Based on the consideration of each index in the evaluation index system, the ventilation modes of rural residential buildings in northern China during heating season are summarized and analyzed. Aiming at the phenomenon that pollutant concentration in kitchen and bedroom increased sharply after burning straw, the smoke exhaust and bedroom ventilation of kitchen under different ventilation modes during this period were simulated, and the corresponding indoor pollutant concentration field and temperature field were obtained. Flow field, etc. The simulation results of smoke exhaust in kitchen show that the air window fan is used in the kitchen and the CO, in the kitchen is compared with that in the kitchen by the natural exhaust of the chimney. At the end of the straw burning, the CO, in the kitchen is found to be in the kitchen. The PM2.5 concentration is 1.89 mg / m ~ (3) 0. 05 mg / m ~ 3 and 3.84 mg / m ~ (3) 0. 78 mg / m ~ (3) respectively. The CO concentration of both meets the standard limit, while the PM2.5 can only meet the requirements by using the air window induced fan. The simulation results of bedroom ventilation show that for the three simulated ventilation modes, the best drainage effect is to open two window sashes for ventilation. At the end of kitchen straw burning, the indoor CO and PM2.5 concentrations were 2.72 mg / m ~ (3) and 0.13 mg / m ~ (3), respectively. The concentration of PM2.5 does not meet the standard limit, which shows that the simulated ventilation modes of bedroom can only reduce the concentration of indoor pollutants. Based on the simulated data and 19 different weight schemes, the comprehensive evaluation values of 3 kinds of kitchen smoke exhaust modes and 3 kinds of bedroom ventilation modes were calculated. The results showed that if the indoor air quality was more important, the air window induced fan was better for the three types of exhaust smoke in the kitchen, and if the economy was more important, it would be better to use the natural exhaust smoke from the seeped chimney. For the three ventilation modes of the bedroom, if the indoor air quality is more important, then it is better to open two windows, and if the indoor thermal comfort is more important, it is better to adopt permeable ventilation.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU834
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