采暖地区居住建筑节能改造的成本效益分析
发布时间：2018-11-15 15:17
【摘要】：北方城镇采暖地区住宅的节能改造问题是我国建筑节能领域的重要课题，也是我国“节能减排”战略的重要组成部分之一。在“十二五”规划期间，我国拟完成对北方供暖城镇4亿平方米以上的节能改造，其中华北地区改造量巨大，是开展改造工作的重点。节能改造项目初期投资大，外部经济性强，明确其经济性有利于改造工作的大规模推广，因此节能改造项目成本效益分析的重要性日益凸显。本文针对华北采暖地区城镇住宅的节能改造成本效益问题进行了研究。 针对住宅节能改造的成本效益状况，论文识别界定了改造项目的增量效益与增量成本，建立了全生命周期环境下的节能改造成本效益分析评价模型，并对节能改造项目的外部环境效益进行了量化分析。模型考虑了各改造措施的内含能耗与增加措施所产生的额外污染物，以及改造后建筑运营期的污染物减排，提出了节能改造环境效益的货币化度量公式。 论文采集了清华大学西北小区实际建筑数据资料，对该建筑节能改造项目的成本效益状况进行了分析，并结合入户访谈与业主调研数据，针对不同资金分摊模式对改造的经济指标与环境效益进行了估计与测算。研究结果表明：该小区节能改造项目能够在生命周期14-16年内回收成本并产生收益；外墙改造的效益费用比在各项改造措施中最低，提升节能改造项目的成本效益状况，对外墙的节能设计和成本控制是重点；节能改造项目有巨大的环境效益，可以有效的节约能源与减排废气污染物。如果节能改造项目采取政府主导、业主参与投资并获取供暖费用利润的分摊投资资金的改造模式，业主的投资可以在6-7年内回收；政府每投入1元经济投资，可实现节能36.2MJ，0.31元的环境减排效益。整个节能改造项目生命周期内可以减排CO2500多吨，SO2数十吨，减排效果显著。 最后论文通过数据调研结合DANA半定量模型分析，识别且分析了节能改造市场发展的重要影响因素和制约障碍，对我国以华北为代表的采暖地区城镇既有住宅的节能改造的推广现状，以及开展中的实际瓶颈因素，进行了整理和分析总结，，并就我国现状提出了培育建筑节能市场的政策建议。
[Abstract]:Energy-saving renovation of residential buildings in northern cities and towns is an important subject in the field of building energy conservation in China, and it is also one of the important components of the strategy of "energy saving and emission reduction" in China. During the "12th Five-Year Plan" period, China plans to complete the energy-saving transformation of heating towns in the north of China over 400 million square meters, in which the amount of transformation in North China is huge, which is the focus of the reconstruction work. Since the initial investment of energy-saving and retrofit project is large and the external economy is strong, making it clear that its economy is conducive to the large-scale popularization of retrofit work, so the importance of cost-benefit analysis of energy-saving and retrofit project is becoming more and more prominent. In this paper, the cost-benefit of energy-saving renovation of urban residence in North China heating area is studied. In view of the cost-benefit situation of residential energy-saving transformation, the paper defines the incremental benefit and incremental cost of the renovation project, and establishes the cost-benefit analysis and evaluation model of energy-saving renovation in the whole life cycle environment. And the external environmental benefit of energy saving reconstruction project is analyzed quantitatively. The model takes into account the energy consumption and the additional pollutants produced by the increasing measures and the emission reduction of the pollutants during the operation period of the retrofit, and puts forward the monetization measurement formula of the environmental benefits of the energy-saving transformation. The paper collected the actual building data of northwest district of Tsinghua University, analyzed the cost and benefit of the building energy saving renovation project, and combined with the household interview and the investigation data of the owner. The economic indexes and environmental benefits of the transformation are estimated and measured according to different capital allocation models. The results show that the project can recover the cost and generate income in the life cycle of 14-16 years. The cost of exterior wall reconstruction is the lowest among all the measures, so it is very important to improve the cost benefit of the energy saving reconstruction project and the design and cost control of the exterior wall. Energy saving and retrofitting project has great environmental benefit, which can save energy and reduce emission effectively. If the energy saving renovation project is government-led, the owner participates in the investment and obtains the profit of heating cost, the owner's investment can be recovered within 6-7 years. For every 1 yuan of economic investment, the government can achieve energy saving 36.2 MJ 0.31 yuan environmental emission reduction benefits. In the whole life cycle of the energy saving transformation project, CO2500 can be reduced by many tons and SO2 by dozens of tons, so the effect of emission reduction is remarkable. Finally, through data research and DANA semi-quantitative model analysis, the paper identifies and analyzes the important factors and constraints of the development of energy-saving transformation market. In this paper, the present situation of the promotion of energy-saving transformation of existing residential buildings in the heating areas in North China, as well as the actual bottleneck factors in the development, are sorted out and analyzed and summarized. At the same time, the paper puts forward some policy suggestions on cultivating building energy saving market in our country.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU241.91
本文编号：2333661
[Abstract]:Energy-saving renovation of residential buildings in northern cities and towns is an important subject in the field of building energy conservation in China, and it is also one of the important components of the strategy of "energy saving and emission reduction" in China. During the "12th Five-Year Plan" period, China plans to complete the energy-saving transformation of heating towns in the north of China over 400 million square meters, in which the amount of transformation in North China is huge, which is the focus of the reconstruction work. Since the initial investment of energy-saving and retrofit project is large and the external economy is strong, making it clear that its economy is conducive to the large-scale popularization of retrofit work, so the importance of cost-benefit analysis of energy-saving and retrofit project is becoming more and more prominent. In this paper, the cost-benefit of energy-saving renovation of urban residence in North China heating area is studied. In view of the cost-benefit situation of residential energy-saving transformation, the paper defines the incremental benefit and incremental cost of the renovation project, and establishes the cost-benefit analysis and evaluation model of energy-saving renovation in the whole life cycle environment. And the external environmental benefit of energy saving reconstruction project is analyzed quantitatively. The model takes into account the energy consumption and the additional pollutants produced by the increasing measures and the emission reduction of the pollutants during the operation period of the retrofit, and puts forward the monetization measurement formula of the environmental benefits of the energy-saving transformation. The paper collected the actual building data of northwest district of Tsinghua University, analyzed the cost and benefit of the building energy saving renovation project, and combined with the household interview and the investigation data of the owner. The economic indexes and environmental benefits of the transformation are estimated and measured according to different capital allocation models. The results show that the project can recover the cost and generate income in the life cycle of 14-16 years. The cost of exterior wall reconstruction is the lowest among all the measures, so it is very important to improve the cost benefit of the energy saving reconstruction project and the design and cost control of the exterior wall. Energy saving and retrofitting project has great environmental benefit, which can save energy and reduce emission effectively. If the energy saving renovation project is government-led, the owner participates in the investment and obtains the profit of heating cost, the owner's investment can be recovered within 6-7 years. For every 1 yuan of economic investment, the government can achieve energy saving 36.2 MJ 0.31 yuan environmental emission reduction benefits. In the whole life cycle of the energy saving transformation project, CO2500 can be reduced by many tons and SO2 by dozens of tons, so the effect of emission reduction is remarkable. Finally, through data research and DANA semi-quantitative model analysis, the paper identifies and analyzes the important factors and constraints of the development of energy-saving transformation market. In this paper, the present situation of the promotion of energy-saving transformation of existing residential buildings in the heating areas in North China, as well as the actual bottleneck factors in the development, are sorted out and analyzed and summarized. At the same time, the paper puts forward some policy suggestions on cultivating building energy saving market in our country.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU241.91
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