液态地膜成膜与稳定机械性能研究

发布时间：2018-04-09 19:15

  本文选题：液态地膜　切入点：拉伸　出处：《沈阳农业大学学报》2017年05期

【摘要】：为深入考察液态地膜在农业生产实际中应用的可行性和施用技术的合理性,探索液态地膜成膜与稳定机械性能变化规律及其影响机制,以商业液态地膜为研究对象,采用试验平台模拟实际田间成膜方法,利用万能材料物理试验机、食品物性分析仪等仪器,研究了液态地膜原浆液稀释比例、原浆液用量及土壤环境条件对液态地膜薄膜抗拉伸力和成膜稳定性的影响规律。结果表明:液态地膜的原浆液稀释比例、原浆液用量以及土壤环境条件均在不同程度上影响液态地膜成膜与稳定机械性能。其中液态地膜抗拉伸力随着原浆液稀释比例增加,呈现先增大后减小的趋势,当原浆液稀释比例为1∶4时,液态地膜薄膜的抗拉伸力达到最大值,此时拉断力为6.07N;当原浆液与水配比一定,液态地膜的抗拉伸力随着原浆液用量增加而逐渐增大,成膜稳定性也随之提高,然而过量的液态地膜浆液会吸附在成型的土壤团粒结构表面,待水分蒸发后形成独立膜体,不仅不能增强土壤团粒作用效果,反而给环境造成不必要的降解负担,因此推荐用量为45g·m~(-2),即450kg·hm~(-2);表层土壤颗粒度越小,喷施液态地膜后越容易把土粒粘结成小团块,增大土壤团粒间结合力,在土壤表层形成连续的地膜,显著提高土壤表面液态地膜成膜效果;同空白土壤样本相比,施用液态地膜土壤经模拟雨水浸泡后未出现明显干涸裂纹,进一步说明液态地膜施用可以有效地改善表层土壤团粒间结合力,保持土壤团粒结构稳定,提高土壤水稳定性和保墒效果。研究结果为液态地膜田间推广应用提供了理论支持和技术参考。
[Abstract]:In order to investigate the feasibility of the application of liquid mulching film in agricultural production and the rationality of the application technology, and to explore the change law and influence mechanism of the mechanical properties of liquid plastic film formation and stabilization, the commercial liquid mulching film was taken as the research object.The experiment platform was used to simulate the actual field film-forming method, and the dilution ratio of liquid film raw slurry was studied by means of universal material physical testing machine, food physical property analyzer and so on.The effects of the amount of raw slurry and soil environment on the tensile resistance and film forming stability of liquid film were studied.The results showed that the dilution ratio of the liquid film, the amount of the original slurry and the soil environmental conditions all affected the film formation and the stability of the liquid film in varying degrees.The tensile resistance of liquid film increases first and then decreases with the increase of the dilution ratio of the original slurry. When the dilution ratio of the original slurry is 1:4, the tensile resistance of the liquid film reaches the maximum.The tensile force is 6.07N. when the ratio of the original slurry to water is fixed, the tensile resistance of liquid film increases with the increase of the amount of the original slurry, and the stability of the film is also improved.However, excessive liquid film slurry will adsorb on the surface of the formed soil aggregate structure, and form an independent membrane after evaporation of water, which not only can not enhance the effect of soil aggregates, but also cause unnecessary degradation burden to the environment.Therefore, the recommended dosage is 45 g / m ~ (-2), that is, 450kg ~ (2 +). The smaller the surface soil particle is, the easier it is to bind the soil particle into a small mass after spraying liquid mulching film, to increase the intergranular adhesion of the soil, and to form a continuous mulching film on the surface of the soil.Compared with blank soil samples, liquid mulching soil did not appear dry crack after simulated Rain Water soaking.It was further indicated that the application of liquid mulching film could effectively improve the intergranular adhesion of surface soil, keep the structure of soil aggregates stable, improve the stability of soil water and the effect of soil moisture conservation.The results provide theoretical support and technical reference for the field application of liquid mulching film.
【作者单位】： 沈阳农业大学工程学院;中国人民解放军空军工程大学信息与导航学院;
【基金】：辽宁省中央引导地方科技发展专项项目(2016007022)
【分类号】：S316;TB383.2
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本文编号：1727776