高频感应热等离子体法制备镍纳米粉体的研究
发布时间：2018-09-10 12:31
【摘要】：纳米技术是一种以现代先进的科学技术为基础,研究物质的大小在100nm以内的新兴学科,随着科学技术的进步和现代工业的快速发展,纳米技术已经趋向成熟并在众多的领域中得到广泛的应用。 镍纳米粉体因其粒径很小,所以其比表面积大、表面原子化学活性高、表面能高,这些原子的特性使得镍纳米粉体整体呈现出一些特殊的物理、化学性质,利用这些特殊的性质可以制备出多种性能优良的材料。虽然纳米材料应用前景非常广阔,但在工业中的应用及发展却比较缓慢,制约其发展的主要因素是纳米粉体的制备问题,因为制备成本高、团聚及氧化严重、收集困难等问题使纳米粉体在工业中的大量应用受到极大的限制。 在制备纳米粉体的方法中,物理法制备的纳米粉体因具有纯度高、团聚少、粒径分布均匀且形貌可控等优点被人们所采用,而高频感应热等离子体法是一种典型的物理法,它具有等离子温度高、能量密度大、冷却速率快等优点,所以利用高频感应热等离子体法可制备出综合性能良好的镍纳米粉体。 本文自主设计、加工并研制出一套利用高频感应热等离子体法制备镍纳米粉体的设备,通过实验验证,该设备运行良好且能制备出性能优良的镍纳米粉体,与其他等离子体设备相比,该实验装置降低了制备成本、提高了资源的利用率并有效解决了镍纳米粉体的氧化问题及收集问题,通过在收集装置入口处加入冷却气流可以降低纳米颗粒之间的团聚。 利用X射线衍射分析仪(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等表征手段对制备的纳米颗粒的形貌特征、粒径大小、成分及晶体结构、分散效果等进行表征,结果表明：纳米颗粒的粒径主要分布在10～120nm之间,不同参数下制备的平均粒径分布在20～65nm之间,颗粒基本上呈规则的球形,分散效果良好,晶体结构为面心立方结构(fee),但氧化程度相对严重。 通过理论分析和实验,最终选择出制备镍纳米粉体的工艺参数为：进料速率为5g/min、等离子气体流量为0.5L/min、冷却气体流量为2.0L/min,加入钝化处理可降低纳米粉体的氧化程度。 本文系统地研究了工艺参数对纳米粉体的性能的影响,有效解决了利用高频感应热等离子体法制备镍纳米粉体中存在的问题,并且设备成本低、体积小、能源消耗低、无电极污染,所以该装置及制备方法具有广阔的工业应用前景。
[Abstract]:Nanotechnology is a new subject which is based on modern advanced science and technology and studies the size of material within 100nm. With the progress of science and technology and the rapid development of modern industry, Nanotechnology has become mature and has been widely used in many fields. Because of its small particle size, nickel nano-powder has a large specific surface area, high surface atomic chemical activity and high surface energy. The properties of these atoms make the whole nickel nano-powder exhibit some special physical and chemical properties. A variety of excellent materials can be prepared by using these special properties. Although the application prospect of nanomaterials is very broad, the application and development of nanomaterials in industry are slow. The main factor restricting the development of nanomaterials is the preparation of nanocrystalline powders, because of the high cost of preparation, the serious agglomeration and oxidation. The application of nanometer powder in industry is greatly limited by the difficulty of collecting. In the method of preparing nanometer powder, the physical method is used because of its advantages of high purity, less agglomeration, uniform particle size distribution and controllable morphology, while the high frequency inductive thermal plasma method is a typical physical method. It has the advantages of high plasma temperature, high energy density and fast cooling rate. Therefore, nickel nano-powders with good comprehensive properties can be prepared by high-frequency induction thermal plasma method. In this paper, we design, process and develop a set of equipment for the preparation of nickel nano-powder by high-frequency inductive thermal plasma method. The experimental results show that the equipment runs well and can produce nickel nano-powder with good performance. Compared with other plasma equipment, the device reduces the cost of preparation, improves the utilization of resources and effectively solves the problem of oxidation and collection of nickel nanoparticles. The agglomeration between nanoparticles can be reduced by adding cooling air at the inlet of the collector. The morphology, particle size, composition, crystal structure and dispersion effect of the prepared nanoparticles were characterized by (XRD), transmission electron microscope (XRD), (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and so on. The results show that the particle size of the nanoparticles is mainly distributed between 10~120nm and the average particle size of the prepared particles is between 20~65nm under different parameters, the particles are basically regular spherical, and the dispersion effect is good. The crystal structure is face-centered cubic (fee),) structure, but the degree of oxidation is relatively serious. Through theoretical analysis and experiment, the technological parameters of preparing nickel nano-powder are as follows: feed rate is 5 g / min, plasma flow rate is 0.5 L / min, cooling gas flow rate is 2.0 L / min, and passivation treatment can reduce the oxidation degree of nanometer powder. In this paper, the effects of process parameters on the properties of nano-powders are systematically studied. The problems in the preparation of nickel nanocrystalline powders by high-frequency inductive thermal plasma method are effectively solved, and the equipment cost is low, the volume is small, and the energy consumption is low. There is no electrode pollution, so the device and the preparation method have a broad industrial application prospects.
【学位授予单位】：兰州理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TB383.3
本文编号：2234453
[Abstract]:Nanotechnology is a new subject which is based on modern advanced science and technology and studies the size of material within 100nm. With the progress of science and technology and the rapid development of modern industry, Nanotechnology has become mature and has been widely used in many fields. Because of its small particle size, nickel nano-powder has a large specific surface area, high surface atomic chemical activity and high surface energy. The properties of these atoms make the whole nickel nano-powder exhibit some special physical and chemical properties. A variety of excellent materials can be prepared by using these special properties. Although the application prospect of nanomaterials is very broad, the application and development of nanomaterials in industry are slow. The main factor restricting the development of nanomaterials is the preparation of nanocrystalline powders, because of the high cost of preparation, the serious agglomeration and oxidation. The application of nanometer powder in industry is greatly limited by the difficulty of collecting. In the method of preparing nanometer powder, the physical method is used because of its advantages of high purity, less agglomeration, uniform particle size distribution and controllable morphology, while the high frequency inductive thermal plasma method is a typical physical method. It has the advantages of high plasma temperature, high energy density and fast cooling rate. Therefore, nickel nano-powders with good comprehensive properties can be prepared by high-frequency induction thermal plasma method. In this paper, we design, process and develop a set of equipment for the preparation of nickel nano-powder by high-frequency inductive thermal plasma method. The experimental results show that the equipment runs well and can produce nickel nano-powder with good performance. Compared with other plasma equipment, the device reduces the cost of preparation, improves the utilization of resources and effectively solves the problem of oxidation and collection of nickel nanoparticles. The agglomeration between nanoparticles can be reduced by adding cooling air at the inlet of the collector. The morphology, particle size, composition, crystal structure and dispersion effect of the prepared nanoparticles were characterized by (XRD), transmission electron microscope (XRD), (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and so on. The results show that the particle size of the nanoparticles is mainly distributed between 10~120nm and the average particle size of the prepared particles is between 20~65nm under different parameters, the particles are basically regular spherical, and the dispersion effect is good. The crystal structure is face-centered cubic (fee),) structure, but the degree of oxidation is relatively serious. Through theoretical analysis and experiment, the technological parameters of preparing nickel nano-powder are as follows: feed rate is 5 g / min, plasma flow rate is 0.5 L / min, cooling gas flow rate is 2.0 L / min, and passivation treatment can reduce the oxidation degree of nanometer powder. In this paper, the effects of process parameters on the properties of nano-powders are systematically studied. The problems in the preparation of nickel nanocrystalline powders by high-frequency inductive thermal plasma method are effectively solved, and the equipment cost is low, the volume is small, and the energy consumption is low. There is no electrode pollution, so the device and the preparation method have a broad industrial application prospects.
【学位授予单位】：兰州理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TB383.3
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