寻租理论视角下的海关反渎职犯罪研究

发布时间：2018-08-23 10:20

【摘要】：渎职犯罪是国家机关工作人员在行使国家公共管理职权时,玩忽职守、滥用职权或徇私舞弊,妨害国家机关正常管理活动,致使公共财产、国家和人民的利益遭受重大损失的行为。随着国家法治建设的推进和公民法治意识的健全,渎职犯罪由于其社会危害性及与公民的普遍关联性,越来越受到社会各界的关注。海关由于处在反走私反腐败的最前沿,执法环境错综复杂,利益冲突交汇集聚,本身渎职犯罪风险隐患较大,加之受98年厦门远华案件的负面影响,一举一动都吸引着各方关注的目光,在反渎职犯罪方面经受着内外两方面的艰巨考验。因此,深入分析海关渎职犯罪的特点、研究渎职犯罪的规律、探讨如何抑制渎职犯罪的举措,具有重要的现实意义。当前,对海关渎职犯罪的研究多从法律或纪检反腐的角度,较少从行为主体本身分析行为人之间以及行为人与社会之间的关系和动机。本文在借鉴西方寻租理论的基础上,论证了渎职犯罪行为与寻租行为的内在逻辑联系,以寻租理论为工具,分析了海关渎职犯罪的寻租特点、渎职行为的产生机制及发展趋势,研究了反渎职工作面临的挑战,考察了国际社会对渎职犯罪的治理经验,提出了抑制渎职犯罪的对策举措。本文认为国家对国际贸易的管制和委托代理行为的失灵是渎职犯罪的根本原因,治理海关渎职犯罪的出路在于制度创新,总体思路是：优化政府干预经济运行机制抑制租源；完善海关业务管理制度压缩寻租空间；规范行政执法权力增加寻租成本；强化对海关工作人员的反渎职保护控制寻租动力。
[Abstract]:The crime of dereliction of duty is a crime of dereliction of duty, abuse of power or malpractice of favoritism, hindering the normal management activities of state organs and causing public property to be exercised by functionaries of state organs when exercising the functions and powers of state public administration. The act of inflicting heavy losses on the interests of the state and the people. With the development of national legal construction and the perfection of citizens' consciousness of ruling by law, the crime of dereliction of duty has been paid more and more attention by all walks of life because of its social harmfulness and its universal relevance to citizens. Because the customs is at the forefront of anti-smuggling and anti-corruption, the law enforcement environment is complex, conflicts of interest converge, the risk of dereliction of duty itself is greater, coupled with the negative impact of the 1998 Yuanhua case in Xiamen. Every move attracts the attention of all parties, in the crime of dereliction of duty to withstand both internal and external challenges. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to analyze the characteristics of dereliction of duty crime in customs, to study the law of dereliction of duty crime and to discuss how to restrain dereliction of duty crime. At present, the research on the crime of dereliction of duty in customs is mostly from the angle of law or discipline inspection and anti-corruption, and seldom analyzes the relationship and motivation between the actors and the society from the view of the subject itself. On the basis of drawing lessons from western rent-seeking theories, this paper demonstrates the inherent logical relationship between dereliction of duty and rent-seeking. With the theory of rent-seeking as a tool, this paper analyzes the rent-seeking characteristics of dereliction of duty in customs, the mechanism of malfeasance and the development trend of dereliction of duty. This paper studies the challenges faced by the anti-malfeasance work, investigates the experiences of the international community in the governance of dereliction of duty, and puts forward some countermeasures to curb dereliction of duty. The author thinks that the basic reason of malfeasance crime is the state's control of international trade and the failure of principal-agent behavior. The way to deal with the malfeasance crime of customs lies in the innovation of system. The overall thinking is: optimizing the mechanism of government intervention in economic operation to suppress the source of rent; We will improve the customs business management system and reduce the rent-seeking space; standardize the power of administrative law enforcement to increase the rent-seeking costs; and strengthen the protection against dereliction of duty to control the rent-seeking power.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D924.393

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