我国海上搜救社会力量补偿机制研究

发布时间：2018-09-07 16:45

【摘要】：社会救助力量在我国的海上搜救工作中发挥了十分重要的作用,在参与了搜救行动的同时,自身也由于延误船期、燃油涨价、材料消耗以及人员工资的支出等,造成了一定的经济损失。针对目前我国海上搜救需要社会力量参与以及社会力量补偿范围过小、补偿手段单一以及补偿额度过低的事实,大量的社会参与海上救助行动后自己的利益得不到合理的补偿,实现政府提供公平公正的海上搜救的公共服务道路上,建立符合我国国情的海上社会力量补偿机制显得尤为重要,鉴于此,在公共管理经济人理论基础上,运用统计分析法,从宪法保护私人财产的立法精神出发,国家有偿征用理论,提出要保护海上搜救社会力量的合法权益,引用国防征用民用运力经济补偿原理,借鉴国外部分国家的补偿和奖励机制和经验,提出建立我国海上搜救社会力量补偿机制,通过扩大补偿范围,推出多种补偿办法,提高补偿力度等方法,全方位保护渔民、船员、渔船、商船、经营公司、飞行员、志愿者等社会救助力量的利益,提出给个人颁发荣誉勋章、证书和发放抚恤金、帮助申报见义勇为奖金和评选海上搜救特别勇敢奖等措施；给渔业或者商业经营公司颁发牌匾、建立救助档案、推行绿色通道、直接和间接减免税费包括渔业资源税、营业税、所得税、车船使用税、城建税、教育附加费、印花税等和在自由裁量的情况下采取保护政策等措施,破解当前我国海上搜救社会力量补偿的难题,确保社会力量得到公正公平的补偿,鼓励和保护社会力量参与海上搜救的积极性,促进我国海上搜救的可持续性发展。
[Abstract]:Social rescue forces have played a very important role in the search and rescue work at sea in our country. While participating in the search and rescue operation, they also participated in the search and rescue operation because of the delay in shipping time, the increase in fuel prices, the consumption of materials and the expenditure of personnel wages, etc. Caused certain economic losses. In view of the fact that at present China's maritime search and rescue needs the participation of social forces and the small range of social power compensation, the compensation means are single and the compensation amount is too low, a large number of society can not get reasonable compensation for their own interests after participating in the salvage operations at sea. In order to realize the public service of the government to provide fair and just maritime search and rescue, it is very important to establish the compensation mechanism of the maritime social power in accordance with the national conditions of our country. In view of this, on the basis of the theory of economic man in public administration, the statistical analysis method is used. Proceeding from the legislative spirit of the Constitution to protect private property and the theory of state compensation for expropriation, it is proposed to protect the legitimate rights and interests of maritime search and rescue social forces, and to quote the principle of economic compensation for civil transportation capacity requisitioned by national defense. Drawing lessons from the compensation and reward mechanism and experience of some foreign countries, this paper puts forward the establishment of the compensation mechanism for the social forces of maritime search and rescue in our country. By expanding the compensation scope, introducing various compensation methods and increasing the compensation intensity, the fishermen can be protected in all directions. Members of the crew, fishing boats, merchant shipping, operating companies, pilots, volunteers and other social aid forces have offered to award medals of honor, certificates and pensions to individuals. To help declare rewards for righteous deeds and to select special bravery awards for maritime search and rescue; to issue plaques to fishery or commercial business companies, to establish rescue files, to implement green channels, and to reduce and reduce taxes and fees directly and indirectly, including fishery resources tax, business tax, etc. Income tax, vehicle and vessel use tax, urban construction tax, education surcharge, stamp duty, and other measures to solve the current problem of compensation for maritime search and rescue social forces in China, To ensure that social forces receive fair and equitable compensation, to encourage and protect the enthusiasm of social forces to participate in maritime search and rescue, and to promote the sustainable development of maritime search and rescue in China.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D632.5

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