黄河下游治理开发管理现状与对策研究

发布时间：2018-11-19 14:14

【摘要】：黄河是中华民族的母亲河,华夏文明的发祥地。河南孟津以下黄河下游河段是黄河的重要组成部分,在整个黄河流域占据着举足轻重的地位。在当前我国经济社会进入强调科学发展、人与自然和谐相处的背景下,系统分析研究黄河下游治理开发与管理政策有着十分重要的现实意义。受黄土高原气候变化和黄土本身结构松散特征的影响,加上人类活动对自然环境的破坏,黄河在流经黄土高原时,挟带大量泥沙,在下游冲积平原严重淤积,形成河床高踞于两岸背河地面之上的“地上悬河”。针对黄河水少沙多、水沙关系不协调的主要特征,如何准确把握黄河水沙运动规律,科学处理好洪水和泥沙问题,已成为黄河治理开发和管理的关键所在。基于黄河下游在整个黄河流域中的重要地位和作用,做好黄河下游的治理开发工作,已成为黄河流域兴利除害、发展经济的关键。结合黄河下游的自然特征,本文通过回顾新时期以来黄河下游治河历程,解读其成效得失原因,并以公共管理基本理论为出发点,立足于公共政策分析,融入管理学的原理和方法,结合黄河下游治理开发与管理现状进行分析,并借鉴国外著名河流的治理方略,综合政府、企业、公众三方面的因素,从宽河固堤、蓄水拦沙、调水调沙、维持黄河健康生命等方面系统分析,进而推导黄河下游治理开发与管理的政策设计,并对其所产生的预期效益进行分析,进而解决黄河当前的突出问题,为未来黄河下游长治久安寻求解决思路。
[Abstract]:The Yellow River is the mother river of the Chinese nation and the birthplace of Chinese civilization. The lower reaches of the Yellow River below Mengjin in Henan Province are an important part of the Yellow River and occupy a pivotal position in the whole Yellow River Basin. Under the background of emphasizing the scientific development and harmonious coexistence between man and nature, it is of great practical significance to systematically analyze and study the policies of governance, development and management in the lower Yellow River. Affected by the climate change of the Loess Plateau and the loose structure of the loess, coupled with the destruction of the natural environment caused by human activities, the Yellow River carries a large amount of sediment when it flows through the Loess Plateau and silts up seriously in the lower alluvial plain. Formation of the river bed above the two sides of the back of the river surface, "on the ground suspended river." In view of the main characteristics of the Yellow River, such as less water, more sediment and less water and sediment, how to accurately grasp the law of water and sediment movement in the Yellow River, and how to deal with the flood and sediment problems scientifically has become the key to the development and management of the Yellow River. Based on the important position and function of the lower reaches of the Yellow River in the whole Yellow River basin, it has become the key point for the Yellow River basin to make a good effort to harness and develop the lower reaches of the Yellow River. Combined with the natural characteristics of the lower Yellow River, this paper reviews the course of river control in the lower reaches of the Yellow River since the new period, explains the reasons for its gains and losses, and takes the basic theory of public management as the starting point, based on the analysis of public policies. Combining with the principles and methods of management, combining with the present situation of harnessing, development and management of the lower Yellow River, and drawing lessons from the management strategy of famous foreign rivers, synthesizing the factors of government, enterprise and the public, the author tries to strengthen the embankment of the river from the broad-cut river, and impound and stop the sand. Through systematic analysis of water and sediment transfer, maintenance of healthy life of the Yellow River and so on, the policy design for harnessing, development and management of the lower Yellow River is deduced, and the expected benefits are analyzed to solve the outstanding problems of the Yellow River at present. For the future of the Yellow River for a long time to find solutions to the lower reaches of the thinking.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TV882.1

【参考文献】