我国基础教育公共服务均等化研究
发布时间：2018-11-19 15:46
【摘要】：改革开放以来,我国的各级教育得到极大的发展,特别是基础教育,上世纪末,全国实现了普及九年义务教育,成为第一个完成九年义务教育的发展中国家。修订后的新的义务教育法颁布,对基础教育提出了新的目标和新的要求,进一步明确了基础教育是普及教育、强制教育和免费教育的本质特征,指明了义务教育要均衡发展的根本方向。而且是国家必须予以保障的公益性事业,是各级政府必须无偿向公众提供的公共服务。我国政府为实现基础教育公共服务均等化进行了不懈的努力,全国基础教育公共服务水平整体不断提高,区域间、城乡间的差距逐步缩小,在保证基础教育全复盖的同时,不断提高办学质量,逐步提高学生接受良好资源教育的比例。但是我们同时也看到,由于地理位置、自然条件、资源享赋及社会历史发展等原因,我国省际间经济发展速度不平衡,发展水平存在较大的差异。这种差异不但体现在经济生活中,又体现在政府提供公共服务的能力上。就基础教育公共服务而言,经济发达地区,其基础教育公共服务水平也高,经济欠发达地区明显存在差距。而且同一省份的城市与县镇、县镇与乡村基础教育公共服务不均等现象也很严重,差距很大。如何提高全国基础教育公共服务整体水平,如何缩小差距是我们必须面对的问题,也是必须解决的问题。论文首先梳理了关于基础教育公共服务的国内外研究动态,并且对相关的概念进行了辨析。其次论述了福利经济理论、公共选择理论、新公共服务理论、新公共管理理论和治理理论等相关理论对理解基础教育公共服务均等化问题的重要启示。再次,收集全国31个省(市、自治区)基础教育公共服务水平2010年-2014年的数据,并对所有数据进行整理、分析、修正。并建立符合测算基础教育公共服务均等化水平的指标体系选用熵值法进行计算。在计算的基础上对我国基础教育公共服务在省际间、区域间和区域内城镇村间均等化的的差异水平进行分析。最后通过分析得出我国基础教育公共服务均等化水平的研究结论,我国基础教育公共服务的整体水平较低;我国各个省份之间的基础教育公共服务质量水平的差距依旧很大,但差距有逐渐缩小的趋势。经济发达的东部地区基础教育公共服务的整体水平较高,中部与西部地区与之相比,有较大的差距,中部和西部的提升速度较东部快,三个地区的差距在逐渐的缩小。区域内城区,县区和乡村的基础教育公共服务水平存在差异。并对原因进行分析,进而提出实现基础教育公共服务均等化的政策取向。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, all levels of education in China have been greatly developed, especially basic education. At the end of last century, the whole country realized universal nine-year compulsory education and became the first developing country to complete nine-year compulsory education. The promulgation of the revised compulsory Education Law puts forward new goals and new requirements for basic education, and further clarifies that basic education is the essential feature of universal, compulsory and free education. It points out the basic direction of balanced development of compulsory education. Moreover, it is the public welfare undertaking that the country must guarantee, and the public service that the government at all levels must provide to the public free of charge. Our government has made unremitting efforts to realize the equalization of public services in basic education. The level of public services in basic education in China as a whole has been continuously improved the gap between regions and urban and rural areas has gradually narrowed while ensuring the full coverage of basic education. Continue to improve the quality of schools, gradually increasing the proportion of students receiving good resources education. But at the same time, we also see that due to geographical location, natural conditions, resource sharing and social and historical development and other reasons, the speed of inter-provincial economic development in China is not balanced, and there are great differences in the level of development. The difference lies not only in economic life, but also in the ability of the government to provide public services. As far as basic education public service is concerned, the level of basic education public service is also high in the economically developed areas, and there is obvious disparity in the economically underdeveloped areas. Moreover, the inequality of public services between cities and counties, counties and villages in the same province is very serious, and the gap is very big. How to improve the national basic education public service level, how to narrow the gap is the problem we must face, is also the problem that must be solved. Firstly, the paper reviews the research trends of basic education public service at home and abroad, and analyzes the related concepts. Secondly, it discusses the important enlightenment of welfare economy theory, public choice theory, new public service theory, new public management theory and governance theory to understanding the equalization of basic education public services. Thirdly, the data of public service level of basic education in 31 provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) are collected from 2010 to 2014, and all the data are collated, analyzed and revised. The entropy method is used to calculate the index system which accords with the level of equalization of public service in basic education. On the basis of calculation, this paper analyzes the difference level of the equalization of basic education public services between provinces, regions and towns and villages in the region. Finally, through the analysis of the basic education public service equalization level of basic education in China, the overall level of basic education public service is relatively low; There is still a wide gap in the quality of basic education public service among provinces in China, but the gap is gradually narrowing. The level of basic education public service in the eastern region of the developed economy is relatively high, compared with the western region, there is a big gap between the central and western regions, the central and western regions of the promotion speed is faster than the eastern region, the gap between the three regions is gradually narrowing. There are differences in the public service level of basic education between urban, county and rural areas. The reasons are analyzed, and the policy orientation of equalization of public service in basic education is put forward.
【学位授予单位】：山西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G639.2
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, all levels of education in China have been greatly developed, especially basic education. At the end of last century, the whole country realized universal nine-year compulsory education and became the first developing country to complete nine-year compulsory education. The promulgation of the revised compulsory Education Law puts forward new goals and new requirements for basic education, and further clarifies that basic education is the essential feature of universal, compulsory and free education. It points out the basic direction of balanced development of compulsory education. Moreover, it is the public welfare undertaking that the country must guarantee, and the public service that the government at all levels must provide to the public free of charge. Our government has made unremitting efforts to realize the equalization of public services in basic education. The level of public services in basic education in China as a whole has been continuously improved the gap between regions and urban and rural areas has gradually narrowed while ensuring the full coverage of basic education. Continue to improve the quality of schools, gradually increasing the proportion of students receiving good resources education. But at the same time, we also see that due to geographical location, natural conditions, resource sharing and social and historical development and other reasons, the speed of inter-provincial economic development in China is not balanced, and there are great differences in the level of development. The difference lies not only in economic life, but also in the ability of the government to provide public services. As far as basic education public service is concerned, the level of basic education public service is also high in the economically developed areas, and there is obvious disparity in the economically underdeveloped areas. Moreover, the inequality of public services between cities and counties, counties and villages in the same province is very serious, and the gap is very big. How to improve the national basic education public service level, how to narrow the gap is the problem we must face, is also the problem that must be solved. Firstly, the paper reviews the research trends of basic education public service at home and abroad, and analyzes the related concepts. Secondly, it discusses the important enlightenment of welfare economy theory, public choice theory, new public service theory, new public management theory and governance theory to understanding the equalization of basic education public services. Thirdly, the data of public service level of basic education in 31 provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) are collected from 2010 to 2014, and all the data are collated, analyzed and revised. The entropy method is used to calculate the index system which accords with the level of equalization of public service in basic education. On the basis of calculation, this paper analyzes the difference level of the equalization of basic education public services between provinces, regions and towns and villages in the region. Finally, through the analysis of the basic education public service equalization level of basic education in China, the overall level of basic education public service is relatively low; There is still a wide gap in the quality of basic education public service among provinces in China, but the gap is gradually narrowing. The level of basic education public service in the eastern region of the developed economy is relatively high, compared with the western region, there is a big gap between the central and western regions, the central and western regions of the promotion speed is faster than the eastern region, the gap between the three regions is gradually narrowing. There are differences in the public service level of basic education between urban, county and rural areas. The reasons are analyzed, and the policy orientation of equalization of public service in basic education is put forward.
【学位授予单位】：山西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G639.2
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