广东省林地保护问题与对策研究

发布时间：2018-11-20 15:19

【摘要】：科学家研究发现，森林在应对全球气候变化中具有特殊作用，森林对改善人类的生活环境具有重要的意义。林地是森林赖以生存与发展的根基，是森林的基础。没有林地，森林就是空中楼阁。可见，林地不但保障了木材及林产品供给，而且在维护国土生态安全中发挥了核心作用、在应对全球气候变化中具有特殊地位，是国家重要的自然资源和战略资源。根据《中华人民共和国森林法实施条例》，林地包括郁闭度0.2以上的乔木林地以及竹林地、灌木林地、疏林地、采伐迹地、火烧迹地、未成林造林地、苗圃地和县级以上人民政府规划的宜林地。据统计，截至2012年底，广东林地总面积1097.2万公顷，占全省国土面积的61.07%，人均0.11公顷，仅为全国平均水平的一半。经对比，2010年末的广东省林地总面积比2005年末减少4.14万公顷，也就是说，在“十一五”期间，广东的林地年均减少约1万公顷。令人担忧地是，2011年和2012年我省的林地还在继续减少。究其原因。近年来，随着改革开放的进一步深入，特别是国家实施扩大内需战略以来，铁路、高速公路陆续开工，再加上广东实施“双转移”战略（即“产业转移”和“劳动力转移”），大量珠三角劳动密集型产业向东西两翼、粤北山区转移，经济开发区、产业转移园区到处开花，建设用地规模不断扩大，在耕地非常宝贵的广东，人地矛盾相当突出，广东省政府提出的耕地占补平衡方案，目的直指“山坡地”，全省各行各业向山要地，于是林地被征占用的现象日益增多，被征占用的面积屡创新高，2009年以来，每年的林地征占用数量均达到1万公顷左右，2010年高达1.35万公顷。同时，水土流失、沙化和石漠化严重，，林地质量不高，生物多样性面临危机，灾害时有发生，生态功能脆弱，生态系统不完善，国土和生态安全收到威胁。可见，广东加大林地保护力度迫在眉睫。为贯彻落实党中央、国务院关于保护林地的精神，广东应采取必要的措施，做好林地保护工作，合理、节约利用林地资源，建设一个以森林为主体的良好生态环境，以支撑广东社会经济的可持续发展。本论文以广东林地的保护作为研究对象，结合公共管理、生态平衡以及“经济人”等理论，针对广东林地保护现状，通过对广东省林地保护现状存在问题地分析，研究提出了加强广东林地保护的6点建议：提高认识，正确理解林地的重要性；统筹兼顾，切实节约利用林地；强化措施，严格征占用林地管理；加强监管，严惩违法破坏和占用林地的行为；加大投入，保护并增加林地面积；加强森林经营，不断提高林分质量。
[Abstract]:Scientists have found that forests play a special role in dealing with global climate change, and forests play an important role in improving human living environment. Forest land is the foundation of forest survival and development. Without woodlands, forests are castles in the air. It can be seen that woodland not only guarantees the supply of wood and forest products, but also plays a central role in the maintenance of land ecological security, and plays a special role in dealing with global climate change. It is an important national natural resource and strategic resource. According to the regulations on the implementation of the Forestry Law of the people's Republic of China, woodlands include arbors and woodlands with a canopy density of more than 0.2, as well as bamboo, shrubbery, thinning, cutting, burning, and unforested woodlands. Nursery plots and suitable woodlands planned by the people's governments at or above the county level. According to statistics, by the end of 2012, the total area of forest land in Guangdong was 10.972 million hectares, accounting for 61.077 hectares of the province's total land area, and 0.11 hectares per capita, only half of the national average. By contrast, the total area of forest land in Guangdong Province at the end of 2010 was 41400 hectares less than at the end of 2005, which means that during the 11th Five-Year Plan period, the average woodland area in Guangdong fell by about 10, 000 hectares per year. Worryingly, the forestland in our province continued to decrease in 2011 and 2012. Investigate its cause. In recent years, with the further deepening of reform and opening up, especially since the implementation of the national strategy of expanding domestic demand, railways and highways have been started one after another, and Guangdong has implemented the strategy of "double transfer" (that is, "industrial transfer" and "labour transfer"). A large number of labor-intensive industries in the Pearl River Delta have moved to the east and west, the mountainous areas of northern Guangdong, the economic development zones, and the industrial transfer parks have blossomed everywhere, and the scale of construction land has been constantly expanding. In Guangdong, where arable land is very valuable, the contradiction between man and land is quite prominent. The plan proposed by the Guangdong Provincial Government for the balance of farmland occupation and compensation is aimed directly at "hillside land." as a result, the phenomenon of forest land being collected and occupied has been increasing day by day, and the area of land collected and occupied has repeatedly reached a new high. Since 2009, Each year, the amount of forest land requisition and occupation reached about 10, 000 hectares, up to 13500 hectares in 2010. At the same time, soil erosion, desertification and rocky desertification, forest land quality is not high, biodiversity is facing crisis, disasters occur from time to time, ecological function is fragile, ecosystem is not perfect, land and ecological security is threatened. Visible, Guangdong increases woodland protection dynamics is urgent. In order to carry out the spirit of the Party Central Committee and the State Council on the protection of forestland, Guangdong should take necessary measures to do a good job of forestland protection, rationally use forestland resources, and build a good ecological environment with forest as the main body. To support the sustainable development of Guangdong's social economy. Based on the theory of public management, ecological balance and "economic man", this paper takes the protection of forest land in Guangdong Province as the research object, and analyzes the existing problems in the present situation of forest land protection in Guangdong Province through the analysis of the present situation of forest land protection in Guangdong Province. This paper puts forward six suggestions to strengthen the forest land protection in Guangdong: to improve the understanding and understand the importance of forest land correctly; Make overall plans, economize on the utilization of forest land, strengthen measures, strictly collect and occupy forest land management, strengthen supervision, severely punish illegal destruction and occupation of forest land, increase investment, protect and increase the area of forest land; Strengthen forest management and continuously improve stand quality.
【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F326.2

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