科技理性视角下的科学家伦理责任探析

发布时间：2018-06-22 08:46

本文选题：理性 + 科技的工具理性　；参考：《南华大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：科学家的伦理责任问题在学界已经有相当多的关注和研究,但是从科技理性的角度来看科学家的伦理责任在学界还没有成熟的研究成果。本文试图从分析科技理性的两冀——即科技的工具理性及科技的价值理性来研究科学家的伦理责任。科技的工具理性及科技的价值理性作为科技理性的两个层面,它们之间是相互依存、相互统一的关系。科技的工具理性作为科技的价值理性存在的基础,它是以科技的价值理性为导向,科技的价值理性是科技理性的核心,它作为科技的工具理性的依托,指引着科技的工具理性的发展方向。科技的价值理性作为一种目的理性和建构理性,“人本质上是目的而不是手段”,强调是人类关于未来价值活动的一种观念模型,是人们它是以目的、意识和价值的合理性为其基本理念。科技的价值理性是人类以理论理性知识为基础,从人类主体的自身需要和自身意志出发进行价值活动的一种自我控制能力和一种规范原则。价值理性内在的属性要求科学家在工作的过程中必须遵循一定的伦理原则,承担一定的伦理责任。本文的第一章用来论述理性与科技理性。科技理性作为全文的基石,首先应该作详细的阐述。首先从理性的概念,特征及西方近代理性的生成出发,分析理性的二重性——工具理性及价值理性。在这一基础上进而论述科技的工具理性及科技的价值理性的发展给科技的发展带来的影响。正确地把握工具理性与价值理性的涵义及其功能,对二者进行合理而准确的定位。工具理性和价值理性的关系是科技的工具理性主“真”,价值理性主“善”。其次,在理性的基础上进而论述科技理性。分析科技理性的二重性。即作为科技理性的形式——科技的工具理性和科技理性的内核——科技的价值理性。由于现代科技地迅猛发展,背离了人的本质,人的价值及人生存的意义这些关乎人的问题被工具理性的扩张所忽视、所遮蔽。我们要使现代科技真正造福于人类,就必须限制工具理性的扩张,实现工具理性和价值理性的融合统一。第二章主要讲述科技理性与科学家的伦理责任。这部分首先分析科技的工具理性与科技的价值理性的逻辑关系,进而说明科学家的内涵及科学家伦理责任的由来,进而分析现代科学家的伦理责任的现状,紧接着分析出现科学家伦理责任问题的原因。第三章是本文的最后一节内容。该部分主要论述如何建设科学家伦理责任。该部分首先从科技的价值理性角度来说明科学家应该承担伦理责任的必然性。进而论述科学家承担伦理责任的具体内容,如:尊重生命,维护人的尊严;保护人类环境,维护生态平衡;增进人类利益,维护社会公正;利用发明创造,增进人类幸福。以及在科学家伦理责任建设中就如何把握科学家伦理责任的度。最后探讨科技理性下实现科学家伦理责任的途径。
[Abstract]:There has been considerable attention and research on the ethical responsibility of scientists in the academic field, but from the point of view of scientific and technological rationality, there is no mature research result on the ethical responsibility of scientists in academic circles. This paper attempts to study the ethical responsibility of scientists by analyzing the two sides of scientific rationality, namely, the instrumental rationality of science and technology and the value rationality of science and technology. The instrumental rationality of science and technology and the rationality of value of science and technology are two levels of science and technology rationality, which are interdependent and unified. The instrumental rationality of science and technology is the foundation of the existence of value rationality of science and technology. It is guided by the value rationality of science and technology. The value rationality of science and technology is the core of science and technology rationality, and it is the backing of tool rationality of science and technology. It guides the development direction of tool rationality of science and technology. The value rationality of science and technology, as a kind of purpose rationality and constructive reason, "man is in essence an end rather than a means", emphasizes that it is a kind of conceptual model of the future value activity of human beings, and that it is the purpose of people. The rationality of consciousness and value is its basic idea. The value rationality of science and technology is a kind of self-control ability and a standard principle that human beings carry out value activities according to their own needs and will on the basis of theoretical rational knowledge. The intrinsic attribute of value reason requires scientists to follow certain ethical principles and undertake certain ethical responsibilities in the process of work. The first chapter of this paper is used to discuss rationality and scientific rationality. As the cornerstone of the full text, science and technology rationality should be elaborated in detail. Starting from the concept and characteristics of rationality and the formation of modern reason in the West, this paper analyzes the duality of rationality-instrumental rationality and value rationality. On this basis, the paper discusses the influence of the instrumental rationality of science and technology and the development of value rationality of science and technology on the development of science and technology. Correctly grasp the meaning and function of instrumental rationality and value rationality, and position them reasonably and accurately. The relationship between instrumental rationality and value rationality is the "truth" of the instrumental rationality and the "good" of the value rationality. Secondly, on the basis of rationality, it discusses the rationality of science and technology. Analyze the duality of science and technology rationality. That is, as the form of scientific and technological rationality-the tool rationality of science and technology and the core of science and technology rationality-the value rationality of science and technology. Due to the rapid development of modern science and technology, it deviates from the essence of human beings, the value of human beings and the significance of human existence. These problems related to human beings are ignored and obscured by the expansion of instrumental rationality. If we want modern science and technology to benefit mankind, we must limit the expansion of instrumental rationality and realize the integration of instrumental rationality and value rationality. The second chapter mainly describes the scientific and technological rationality and the ethical responsibility of scientists. This part first analyzes the logical relationship between the instrumental rationality of science and technology and the value rationality of science and technology, and then explains the connotation of the scientist and the origin of the ethical responsibility of the scientist, and then analyzes the present situation of the ethical responsibility of the modern scientist. Then it analyzes the reasons for the problem of ethical responsibility of scientists. The third chapter is the last section of this article. This part mainly discusses how to construct the ethical responsibility of scientists. This part first explains the inevitability that scientists should bear ethical responsibility from the angle of value rationality of science and technology. Then it discusses the specific contents of the ethical responsibility of scientists, such as respecting life, safeguarding human dignity, protecting human environment and maintaining ecological balance, promoting human interests and maintaining social justice, and using invention and creation to promote human happiness. And how to grasp the ethical responsibility of scientists in the construction of ethical responsibility of scientists. Finally, this paper discusses the ways to realize the ethical responsibility of scientists under the scientific and technological rationality.
【学位授予单位】：南华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：B82-057;G316

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