现代科学的体制化进程及其对我国科学发展的启示
发布时间：2019-05-17 09:38
【摘要】：在过去的三百多年里,现代科学的发展,已经深刻地影响并改变着人类社会。现代科学几乎渗透到社会生活的每个角落,并以其体制化的集约规模进一步展现了力量,拓展了发展空间,为自身的发展创制了强大的制度保障。可以说,现代科学的体制化发展,是人类文明的一大创举,和学校、工厂、医院等人类文明的基本单元一样,科研院所等科学体制化机构,也对人类文明的进步起到了举足轻重的重要作用。与此同时,科学的体制化进程也越来越表现出对制度创新的追求,举凡曾在世界科学中心立足的国家,都曾经在体制化进程中作出了自身独特的制度贡献,因此,要想成为下一个世界科学中心,必然要求首先在制度上取得突破,尤其在今日的“大科学”时代,科学的发展越来越依赖于制度的创新,制度已不仅局限在为其提供保障层面的作用,更多的重点开始关注如何有效激励与促进科学的快速发展。 立足于此,本文首先对科学体制化的概念进行了理论与实践的分析,在对现代科学体制化进程整体把握的基础上,以“现代科学的始祖”——英国皇家学会为例,深入剖析了现代科学体制化的微观机制,同时也分析了我国科学体制化进程的现状及其存在的问题,结合自身的历史发展并与科学发达国家进行对比,探讨得出一些可资吸收与借鉴的科技进步的经验与对策,以期为国家科技体制改革提供理论研究的初步参考。 综合科学体制化的全球概览与个案研究,得出了以下结论:从宏观角度看,第一,科研模式的选择应符合各国不同的发展路径;第二,制度的创新演绎了世界科学中心的轨迹;第三,新的利益格局促使科学与政治应寻求一种动态的张力平衡机制。从微观机制看;第一,经济的独立保证了科学组织的自主;第二,科学机构内部的调整要顺应时代赋予科学组织的要求;第三,改革是践行科学组织终极诉求的有力途径。 以史为鉴,博采众长,针对我国当代科学体制化的现状与问题,提出了一些基本的策略建议:第一、打破科研院所之间的信息壁垒与资源障碍,实现人财物在国立与省属科研机构之间的畅通交流机制;第二、通过法律理顺学术组织与权力机构的职责划分,最大限度地保障科学家以及高等学府的自主性;第三、充分发挥科技社团的中介组织作用,利用丰富的智力资源与信息汇聚优势进行高水平专业能力的拓展;第四、强化企业的自主创新能力,加大原始创新力度,以企业的技术创新体系为突破口积极构建国家创新体系;第五、在进行当代科学体制化的进程中,应注重协调推进科技管理体制的改革。
[Abstract]:In the past 300 years, the development of modern science has deeply influenced and changed human society. Modern science permeates almost every corner of social life, and further shows its strength with its intensive scale of institutionalization, expands the space for development, and creates a strong institutional guarantee for its own development. It can be said that the institutionalized development of modern science is a great innovation of human civilization. Like the basic units of human civilization, such as schools, factories, hospitals, and so on, scientific institutions such as scientific research institutes, It also plays an important role in the progress of human civilization. At the same time, the process of institutionalization of science is also more and more showing the pursuit of institutional innovation. All the countries that have established themselves in the world science center have made their own unique institutional contributions in the process of institutionalization. Therefore, In order to become the next world science center, it is necessary to make a breakthrough in the system first, especially in the era of "great science" today, the development of science depends more and more on the innovation of the system. The system is not only limited to the role of providing security for it, but also focuses on how to effectively stimulate and promote the rapid development of science. Based on this, this paper first analyzes the concept of scientific institutionalization in theory and practice, and takes the Royal Society, the ancestor of modern science, as an example, on the basis of the overall grasp of the process of institutionalization of modern science. This paper deeply analyzes the micro mechanism of the institutionalization of modern science, and also analyzes the present situation and existing problems of the process of scientific institutionalization in our country, combining with its own historical development and comparing it with the scientific developed countries. This paper probes into some experiences and countermeasures of scientific and technological progress that can be absorbed and used for reference, in order to provide a preliminary reference for the theoretical research of the reform of national science and technology system. Based on the global overview and case study of the institutionalization of science, the following conclusions are drawn: first, the choice of scientific research model should be in line with the different development paths of various countries; second, the innovation of the system deduces the track of the world science center; Third, the new interest pattern urges science and politics to seek a dynamic tension balance mechanism. From the point of view of micro mechanism, first, the independence of economy ensures the autonomy of scientific organization; second, the adjustment of scientific organization should conform to the requirements given to scientific organization by the times; third, reform is a powerful way to practice the ultimate demand of scientific organization. In view of the present situation and problems of the institutionalization of contemporary science in our country, this paper puts forward some basic strategic suggestions: first, break down the information barriers and resource barriers between scientific research institutes. To realize the smooth communication mechanism between people and property between the state and provincial scientific research institutions; Second, through the law to straighten out the division of responsibilities between academic organizations and power institutions, to maximize the protection of the autonomy of scientists and institutions of higher learning; Third, give full play to the role of the intermediary organizations of science and technology associations, and make use of the rich intellectual resources and information convergence advantages to expand the high level of professional ability; Fourth, strengthen the independent innovation ability of enterprises, increase the original innovation intensity, take the technological innovation system of enterprises as the breakthrough point to actively construct the national innovation system; Fifth, in the process of contemporary scientific institutionalization, we should pay attention to coordinate and promote the reform of science and technology management system.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学技术大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：G322.0
本文编号：2479002
[Abstract]:In the past 300 years, the development of modern science has deeply influenced and changed human society. Modern science permeates almost every corner of social life, and further shows its strength with its intensive scale of institutionalization, expands the space for development, and creates a strong institutional guarantee for its own development. It can be said that the institutionalized development of modern science is a great innovation of human civilization. Like the basic units of human civilization, such as schools, factories, hospitals, and so on, scientific institutions such as scientific research institutes, It also plays an important role in the progress of human civilization. At the same time, the process of institutionalization of science is also more and more showing the pursuit of institutional innovation. All the countries that have established themselves in the world science center have made their own unique institutional contributions in the process of institutionalization. Therefore, In order to become the next world science center, it is necessary to make a breakthrough in the system first, especially in the era of "great science" today, the development of science depends more and more on the innovation of the system. The system is not only limited to the role of providing security for it, but also focuses on how to effectively stimulate and promote the rapid development of science. Based on this, this paper first analyzes the concept of scientific institutionalization in theory and practice, and takes the Royal Society, the ancestor of modern science, as an example, on the basis of the overall grasp of the process of institutionalization of modern science. This paper deeply analyzes the micro mechanism of the institutionalization of modern science, and also analyzes the present situation and existing problems of the process of scientific institutionalization in our country, combining with its own historical development and comparing it with the scientific developed countries. This paper probes into some experiences and countermeasures of scientific and technological progress that can be absorbed and used for reference, in order to provide a preliminary reference for the theoretical research of the reform of national science and technology system. Based on the global overview and case study of the institutionalization of science, the following conclusions are drawn: first, the choice of scientific research model should be in line with the different development paths of various countries; second, the innovation of the system deduces the track of the world science center; Third, the new interest pattern urges science and politics to seek a dynamic tension balance mechanism. From the point of view of micro mechanism, first, the independence of economy ensures the autonomy of scientific organization; second, the adjustment of scientific organization should conform to the requirements given to scientific organization by the times; third, reform is a powerful way to practice the ultimate demand of scientific organization. In view of the present situation and problems of the institutionalization of contemporary science in our country, this paper puts forward some basic strategic suggestions: first, break down the information barriers and resource barriers between scientific research institutes. To realize the smooth communication mechanism between people and property between the state and provincial scientific research institutions; Second, through the law to straighten out the division of responsibilities between academic organizations and power institutions, to maximize the protection of the autonomy of scientists and institutions of higher learning; Third, give full play to the role of the intermediary organizations of science and technology associations, and make use of the rich intellectual resources and information convergence advantages to expand the high level of professional ability; Fourth, strengthen the independent innovation ability of enterprises, increase the original innovation intensity, take the technological innovation system of enterprises as the breakthrough point to actively construct the national innovation system; Fifth, in the process of contemporary scientific institutionalization, we should pay attention to coordinate and promote the reform of science and technology management system.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学技术大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：G322.0
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