基于外部性理论的农业直接补贴政策研究

发布时间：2018-06-24 07:17

本文选题：农业直接补贴 + 外部性　；参考：《山东师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：自从2004年我国实施农业直接补贴政策以来,粮食产量实现了十二连增,农民的人均收入也得到了快速提高。农业直接补贴政策可以说是达到了其确保粮食安全和农民收入增长的政策目标,但是我们不能忽视农业直接补贴政策的外部性影响,尤其是它给生态环境带来的负外部性问题值得我们关注。文章从粮食直接补贴、农资综合直接补贴、良种补贴及农机具购置补贴这四项农业直接补贴入手,指出了农业直接补贴政策存在的问题,如补贴标准低、补贴标准差异大、补贴依据混乱、执行成本高、监管力度不够等。同时运用灰色关联分析法,定性定量评价了农业直接补贴政策的绩效,研究发现农业直接补贴政策确实提高了粮食产量和农民的收入。其中对粮食产量的增加效应方面,四项直接补贴政策的作用大小依次为:粮食直接补贴、良种补贴、农资综合直接补贴、农机具购置补贴。在提高农民收入方面,效应大小为:粮食直接补贴、良种补贴、农资综合直接补贴、农机具购置补贴。农业直接补贴政策会产生外部性影响,这不仅体现在产生正外部性,而且也会产生负外部性。外部性产生的原因,主要是农业直接补贴政策在实施过程中发生了扭曲,补贴给农民提供了一种激励,使得他们过量使用农药、化肥以及农用塑料薄膜。从而引发了水资源污染、大气污染、水土流失、生物多样性减少等一系列破坏生态环境的问题。文章对农业直接补贴的外部性影响进行了定量分析,运用灰色关联分析法,以农药、农用化肥及农用塑料薄膜的使用量做指标,研究农业直接补贴的外部性影响大小,得出农业直接补贴对三种农资生产资料使用量的灰色关联度分别为0.608、0.618、0.606。并且也计算出了四项农业直接补贴分别对它们的影响,结果显示无论使用哪种使用量作指标,粮食直接补贴产生的外部性都是最大。最后,本文根据外部性理论的内部化方法,从行政管制、庇古税、科斯定理等角度,探讨了消除农业直接补贴政策外部性的可能性。在此基础上提出了倡导生态补贴、树立绿色增长新理念、改革创新农业直接补贴制度、扶持生物农药和绿色有机化肥企业成长等建议。
[Abstract]:Since the implementation of agricultural direct subsidy policy in China in 2004, grain production has been increased for 12 consecutive years, and the per capita income of farmers has also been raised rapidly. The agricultural direct subsidy policy can be said to have achieved its policy objectives of ensuring food security and increasing farmers' income, but we cannot ignore the externality of the agricultural direct subsidy policy. In particular, the negative externalities it brings to the ecological environment deserve our attention. This paper points out the problems existing in agricultural direct subsidy policy, such as low subsidy standard and big difference in subsidy standard, starting with four direct agricultural subsidies, such as grain direct subsidy, agricultural material comprehensive direct subsidy, improved seed subsidy and agricultural machinery purchase subsidy. Subsidies on the basis of confusion, high implementation costs, inadequate supervision and so on. At the same time, the performance of agricultural direct subsidy policy is evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively by using grey relational analysis, and it is found that agricultural direct subsidy policy does increase grain yield and farmers' income. The effect of four direct subsidy policies on grain yield is as follows: grain direct subsidy, improved seed subsidy, agricultural material comprehensive direct subsidy, agricultural machinery purchase subsidy. In the aspect of raising farmers' income, the effects are as follows: direct subsidy of grain, subsidy of improved seed, comprehensive direct subsidy of agricultural material, purchase subsidy of agricultural machinery and tools. Agricultural direct subsidy policy will produce externality, which is not only reflected in positive externality, but also negative externality. The externality is mainly caused by the distortion of agricultural direct subsidy policy, which provides an incentive for farmers to overuse pesticides, fertilizers and agricultural plastic film. Therefore, water resources pollution, air pollution, soil erosion, biodiversity reduction and so on have caused a series of problems to destroy the ecological environment. In this paper, the external effects of agricultural direct subsidies are quantitatively analyzed. The effects of agricultural direct subsidies on the externalities of agricultural direct subsidies are studied with the use of pesticide, chemical fertilizer and plastic film. It is concluded that the grey correlation degree of agricultural direct subsidy to the use of three kinds of agricultural means of production is 0.608 ~ 0.618 ~ (0.606). The effects of four agricultural direct subsidies on them are also calculated. The results show that the externality of grain direct subsidies is the greatest no matter what kind of use is used as an indicator. Finally, according to the internalization method of externality theory, this paper discusses the possibility of eliminating the externality of agricultural direct subsidy policy from the angles of administrative regulation, Pigoux tax, Coase theorem and so on. On this basis, some suggestions are put forward, such as advocating ecological subsidy, setting up a new concept of green growth, reforming and innovating the system of direct subsidy for agriculture, supporting the growth of bio-pesticide and green organic fertilizer enterprises, etc.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F812.8

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