基于多因素集成的疏散场模型研究

发布时间：2018-02-22 20:45

  本文关键词： 异质玻色子 势场 行人动力学 危险程度 应急处置　出处：《北京化工大学》2015年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着非传统安全威胁的日益严峻,大规模人群紧急疏散研究越发重要。对于事故现场而言,不同位置的危险程度具有显著差异,而该差异是应急预案和应急处置的关键。现有成果未发现表达该危险程度差异性的模型方法。论文基于人群密集场所紧急疏散过程的动态性,综合人群行为模式、地形、灾害等因素,建立基于多因素集成的疏散场模型,以刻画不同位置的危险程度及其动态变化。(1)修正了以距离为主要衡量因素的地面场元胞自动机模型,引入异质玻色子消除路径信息对个体路线选择的干扰,使模型能够准确描述行人运动特征。通过探讨修正模型对跟随行为、避让行为等典型疏散者行为的表现,刻画了对疏散动力学和场模型框架的理解。(2)通过引入行人的跟随与避让行为改进传统势场表达方法,建立了基于群体密度和速率分布的势场元胞自动机模型。通过与地面场模型进行对比分析,发现势场模型在真实反映疏散者逃生心理和集成多因素表达方面更具优势。通过势场模型深入分析双向行人流自组织现象,研究了跟随和避让行为对自组织过程及行人流通畅性的影响。(3)基于疏散动力学,综合考虑地形特征、事故物质扩散对疏散者行为的影响,提出并建立了描述危险程度的疏散场模型。通过对模型参数进行分析,讨论了不同影响因素下疏散危险程度的变化规律和特征。将疏散场模型应用于北京和平西桥地铁站场景,仿真毒气事故下的人群立体疏散场景,分析了疏散瓶颈区域及疏散场的作用。并给出一般场景下疏散数据的获取途径和危险程度计算的实现方法,体现疏散场模型的适用性和实际应用价值。论文创新之处在于：(1)引入异质玻色子修正了路径信息对个体路线选择的干扰,建立了异质玻色子地面场模型。(2)引入行人的跟随与避让行为改进传统势场表达方法,建立了基于群体密度和速率分布的势场元胞自动机模型,研究了跟随和避让行为对自组织过程及行人流通畅性的影响。(3)综合考虑地形因素和事故物质扩散以及两者对个体疏散行为的影响,建立了能够实时反映疏散场景中不同位置危险程度的疏散场模型。
[Abstract]:With the increasingly serious non-traditional security threats, the study of large-scale emergency evacuation of people is becoming more and more important. For the accident site, there are significant differences in the degree of danger in different locations. However, the difference is the key to emergency planning and emergency disposal. The existing results have not found a model method to express the difference in the degree of risk. Based on the dynamic nature of emergency evacuation process in densely populated places, the comprehensive crowd behavior model, the terrain, the characteristics of emergency evacuation in densely populated areas are discussed in this paper. Disaster and other factors, the evacuation field model based on multi-factor integration is established to describe the degree of danger in different locations and its dynamic changes.) the surface field cellular automata model, which is mainly measured by distance, is modified. The heterogeneous boson is introduced to eliminate the interference of path information to individual route selection, which enables the model to accurately describe the pedestrian movement characteristics. By discussing the performance of the modified model on the behavior of typical evacuees, such as following behavior, evading behavior, etc. In this paper, we describe the understanding of evacuation dynamics and field model frame. 2) improve the traditional potential field representation method by introducing pedestrian following and avoiding behavior. The cellular automata model of potential field based on population density and velocity distribution is established. It is found that the potential field model has more advantages in reflecting the evacuation psychology and integrating multi-factor expression. Through the potential field model, the self-organization phenomenon of two-way pedestrian flow is deeply analyzed. The influence of following and avoiding behavior on the self-organizing process and the flow of people is studied. Based on the evacuation dynamics, considering the terrain characteristics, the influence of the dispersion of the accident material on the behavior of the evacuator is studied. An evacuation field model describing the degree of danger is proposed and established. By analyzing the parameters of the model, the variation law and characteristics of evacuation hazard degree under different influence factors are discussed. The evacuation field model is applied to the scene of Beijing Heping Xiqiao subway station. This paper simulates the three-dimensional evacuation scene of the crowd under the gas accident, analyzes the function of the evacuation bottleneck area and the evacuation field, and gives the way to obtain the evacuation data and the realization method of the dangerous degree calculation under the general scenario. The innovation of this paper lies in the introduction of heterogeneous bosons to correct the interference of path information to individual route selection. The heterogeneity boson ground field model. (2) introducing pedestrian following and avoiding behavior to improve the traditional potential field representation method, and establishing the potential field cellular automata model based on population density and velocity distribution. The influence of following and avoiding behavior on the self-organizing process and the flow of people is studied. (3) considering the terrain factors and the diffusion of the accident material and the influence of the two factors on the evacuation behavior, An evacuation field model which can reflect the danger degree of different locations in the evacuation scene in real time is established.
【学位授予单位】：北京化工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D035;X913
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本文编号：1525267