敖鲁古雅使鹿鄂温克族生态移民困境研究

发布时间：2018-06-24 14:42

本文选题：敖鲁古雅 + 使鹿鄂温克族　；参考：《华中师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：在我国北疆大兴安岭的原始森林中,生活着一个以狩猎和放养驯鹿为生的神秘部落——敖鲁古雅使鹿鄂温克族,他们是历史上有名的“使鹿部落”,是鄂温克族的“雅库特”分支。使鹿鄂温克族世代追随驯鹿生活在茂密的森林之中,从未离开过山林,直到2003年敖鲁古雅生态移民项目的实施,他们才走出森林,定居到根河市西郊的三车间地区,过起现代化的城镇生活。敖鲁古雅生态移民项目是国家为改善使鹿鄂温克族生存状况而投资上千万的巨大工程,但令人意想不到的是,国家的这种“好心”的安排并没有达到预期的效果,反而引起了使鹿鄂温克族的不满和抱怨。值得我们思考的是,为什么使鹿鄂温克族享受到了国家和政府如此多的优惠政策,反而面临的问题越来越多。本文从这一问题出发,通过对敖鲁古雅生态移民项目实施过程和结果的梳理,笔者试图揭示国家改善使鹿鄂温克族生存状况的生态移民项目陷入困境的原因。同时,通过分析敖鲁古雅生态移民的困境,有助于我们进一步反思建国以来国家促进少数民族发展政策的实效,从而提出解决我国少数民族发展政策困境的建议与对策。在分析过程中,本文从“国家规划的少数民族发展”角度出发,在详细观察敖鲁古雅生态移民对使鹿鄂温克族生产、生活和当地经济发展影响的同时,也将研究视角聚焦在敖鲁古雅生态移民的政策反弹上。本文的基本结论是：敖鲁古雅生态移民陷入困境,归根到底,是由于国家在极端现代主义信念的影响下,按照自己单方面的意志去改造使鹿鄂温克族落后的生存方式,这种改造过程本身具有简单化与强制性,缺乏使鹿鄂温克族的参与,脱离了使鹿鄂温克族的生产、生活实际,因而导致使鹿鄂温克族的排斥与反抗。本文认为：敖鲁古雅生态移民项目为我们探讨国家少数民族的发展政策提供了一个研究案例,少数民族的发展政策只有在制定和实施过程中给予发展主体更多的尊重,通过更多的交流、沟通,达成共识,才能避免国家出于好心的政策安排反而造成少数民族的隔阂和暴力冲突
[Abstract]:In the primitive forests of the Daxing'an Mountains in the northern part of our country, lived a mysterious tribe of hunting and herding reindeer, the Aurukuya Ewenki people, who were historically known as the "emissary tribes." Is the Ewenki "Yakut" branch. The Ewenki people lived in dense forests for generations and never left the mountains. It was not until 2003, when the Aurukuya Ecological Migration Project was implemented, that they came out of the forest and settled in the third workshop area in the western outskirts of the city of Genhe. Live a modern town life. The Aurukuya ecological migration project is a huge project invested by the state to improve the living conditions of the Ewenki people, but what is unexpected is that the state's "good intentions" arrangement has not achieved the expected results. On the contrary, it caused discontent and complaint of the Ewenki nationality. It is worth thinking about why the Ewenki people enjoy so many preferential policies from the state and the government, but face more and more problems. From this point of view, the author tries to reveal the reasons why the ecological migration project of the Ewenki nationality is in difficulty by combing the process and the result of the implementation of the ecological migration project of Aoruguya in order to improve the living conditions of the Ewenki people in the country. At the same time, through the analysis of the plight of the ecological migration of Aoluguya, it is helpful for us to further reflect on the actual effect of the national policy of promoting the development of ethnic minorities since the founding of the people's Republic of China. In the process of analysis, from the point of view of "the development of ethnic minorities planned by the state", this paper, while observing in detail the influence of the ecological migration of Aolu Gouya on the production, life and local economic development of the Ewenki nationality, It also focuses on the policy rebound of Aoguya ecological migration. The basic conclusion of this paper is: the plight of the ecological immigrants of Aoru Gulya is, in the final analysis, because the country, under the influence of the extreme modernism belief, reinvents the way of life which makes the Ewenki people lag behind in accordance with their own unilateral will. The transformation process itself is simple and compulsory, lacking of the participation of the Ewenki nationality, which is divorced from the production and life reality of the Ewenki nationality, thus leading to the rejection and resistance of the Ewenki nationality. This paper holds that the Aoguya Ecological Migration Project provides a case study for us to explore the development policies of the national minorities, and that the development policies of the ethnic minorities can only be more respected by the development subjects in the process of formulation and implementation. Only through more exchanges, communication, and reaching consensus can the national policy arrangement out of good intentions lead to ethnic minorities' estrangement and violent conflict.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D632.4;D633

【参考文献】