软法视角下的社会公益组织治理

发布时间：2018-11-05 15:37

【摘要】：当前,中国社会公益组织进入了一个高速发展期,随之也出现了一系列社会公益组织的丑闻事件。基于中国社会公益组织治理现状的困境,本文首先通过对社会公益组织概念的分析,明确了全文的研究对象,接着通过对国内外各理论的阐述,初步界定了何为本文语境意欲引用加以讨论的软法。本文进而分析了针对社会公益组织治理的现实需求,解析了中国语境下当前社会公益组织治理体制的缺陷：准入控制过严、立法滞后、税收激励不足、政府监管缺位,并且剖析了其失败的症结所在：对中国社会公益组织定位的错误。在社会公益组织治理硬法失败的前提下,本文通过引入软法为视角,考察了软法对社会公益组织各监管方的激励。对各方监管激励的分析,一方面是对软法在当前社会公益组织治理中运用的描述,另一方面,又是之后对运用软法设计治理社会公益组织制度的发展方向。基于各个监管者具备的不同激励动机,本文进而提出了一系列不同于传统硬法的社会公益组织治理新进路,如建立社会公益组织自治章程备案制度、构建社会公益组织内部软法制定的程序等具体措施,有针对性地解决各方的监管激励不足问题,并且能够实际对准入控制、立法科学化、税收激励等做出相应的软法解决。本文的结论并非传统的加强立法、增强监管等口号式硬法主张,而是更加务实地,试图通过引入软法的进路,通过在治理中将软法与硬法相结合起来,在当前硬法体制还不能够有重大突破改善的情况下,通过软法的进路来缓解现实治理社会公益组织的压力,以期对解决中国社会公益组织治理问题做出具有创新性的回应。
[Abstract]:At present, China's social welfare organizations have entered a period of rapid development, followed by a series of scandals of social welfare organizations. Based on the current situation of the governance of social public welfare organizations in China, this paper firstly analyzes the concept of social public welfare organizations, defines the research object of the full text, and then expounds the various theories at home and abroad. This paper preliminarily defines what is the soft law to be discussed in the context of this paper. This paper then analyzes the actual needs of the governance of social public welfare organizations, and analyzes the defects of the current governance system of social public welfare organizations in the context of China: too strict access control, lagging legislation, inadequate tax incentives, lack of government supervision, and so on. And analyzed the crux of its failure: the positioning of China's social welfare organizations wrong. Under the premise of the failure of the hard law governing the social public welfare organization, this paper, from the perspective of introducing the soft law, investigates the incentive of the soft law to the supervisors of the social public welfare organization. On the one hand, it describes the application of soft law in the governance of social public welfare organizations, on the other hand, it is the development direction of designing and managing the system of social public welfare organizations with soft law. Based on the different motivations of the regulators, this paper puts forward a series of new approaches to the governance of social public welfare organizations, such as the establishment of the self-regulation system of social public welfare organizations, which is different from the traditional hard law. The concrete measures such as constructing the procedure of soft law making in social public welfare organization can solve the problem of insufficient supervision and incentive of all parties, and can make the corresponding soft law solution on the basis of actual control, scientific legislation, tax incentive and so on. The conclusion of this paper is not the slogan hard law proposition such as strengthening legislation and strengthening supervision, but more pragmatically, trying to combine soft law with hard law through introducing soft law, and combining soft law with hard law in governance. Under the condition that the hard law system can not be improved, the pressure of managing social public welfare organization can be alleviated by soft law approach, in order to make an innovative response to the problem of Chinese social public welfare organization governance.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D632.9

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