我国中央政府与地方政府权力划分困境及出路研究

发布时间：2019-04-16 18:28

【摘要】：权力在中央政府与地方政府之间的合理配置,是政府改革中的关键性问题,而现如今我国正处于转型期的特殊阶段,其应当予以更为重点的关注。政府之所以存在是要求其所属权力的权威性得以保障,且基于社会经济的发展现状制定可使国家得以和谐发展的有效性政策。因此,权力在中央政府与地方政府之间的合理化划分就成为政府职能有效落实的重要保证。纵观我国权力划分的历史,其中央政府与地方政府之间权力划分的集中与分散在其相应范围内不断地被予以调整,但是一直以来都是在“一统就死,一放就乱”的权力集分循环困境中摆动。本文立足于已有文献对于中央政府与地方政府之间关系的研究,将着重探究二者之间的权力划分问题,即为将中央政府与地方政府之间的权力划分困境作为研究的重点,将中央一级权力的集中化与地方一级权力的分散化得以有效的结合,对其二者之间的权力划分问题做以深入的论证。本文从中央政府与地方政府关系的相关理论概述出发,在对中央与地方政府权力划分等相关概念界定的前提下,选取权力划分困境为切入点,以改革历程为线索,以分税制为分水岭,从1949年建国以来至今,着重探讨改革开放以后我国中央政府与地方政府权力划分模式的演变,分别分析了“放权让利式的选择性分权”的过程及产生的问题以及分税制下的再一次分权的必要性和具体内容。并在此基础上,从权力、利益、制度、监督四个层面对我国中央与地方政府分权过程中所出现的权力划分困境进行深入的原因分析。最后,对于中央与地方政府权力划分过程中需要遵循分权的底线作以具体论证,从而针对中央与地方政府权力划分困境的症结,提出较为合理的应对之策。
[Abstract]:The rational allocation of power between the central government and the local government is the key issue in the reform of the government, but now our country is in the special stage of transition, and it should pay more attention to it. The reason why the government exists is to guarantee the authority of its power, and to formulate effective policies which can make the country develop harmoniously on the basis of the current situation of social and economic development. Therefore, the rational division of power between the central government and the local government has become an important guarantee for the effective implementation of the functions of the government. Throughout the history of the division of power in our country, the centralization and decentralization of the division of power between the central government and the local government have been continuously adjusted within its corresponding scope, but they have always been "United and dead." As soon as the place disorderly, "the power centralization and distribution circulation in the predicament swings." Based on the existing literature research on the relationship between the central government and the local government, this paper will focus on the power division between the central government and the local government, that is, the dilemma of the power division between the central government and the local government is the focus of the study. The centralization of power at the central level and the decentralization at the local level can be effectively combined, and the division of power between the two is deeply demonstrated. Based on the theoretical overview of the relationship between the central government and the local government, and on the premise of defining the relevant concepts such as the division of power between the central government and the local government, this paper chooses the dilemma of the division of power as the starting point and takes the course of reform as the clue. Taking tax sharing as a watershed, since 1949, since the founding of the people's Republic of China, this paper focuses on the evolution of the division of power between the central government and the local government in China after the reform and opening up. This paper analyzes the process and problems of the selective decentralization in the form of devolution of power and interest, and the necessity and concrete contents of re-decentralization under the tax-sharing system. On this basis, from the four aspects of power, interest, system and supervision, this paper analyzes the reasons for the dilemma of power division in the process of decentralization between the central and local governments in China. Finally, in the process of dividing the power between the central and local governments, it is necessary to follow the bottom line of decentralization, so as to put forward some reasonable countermeasures in view of the crux of the dilemma of the division of power between the central and local governments.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D630

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