广西贺州市贺江水污染突发事件应急管理案例研究
发布时间：2019-06-22 11:56
【摘要】：当今社会各类公共突发事件频频发生,严重影响人们生产生活,甚至威胁到社会平稳安定,给地方政府的应急管理工作造成巨大的压力,加强应急管理成为地方政府这一主体须义不容辞担当的使命。贺州市地处我国西部地区,地处粤、桂、湘三省交界处,是后发展、欠发达地区,可视作一综合实力落后,但社会风险突出且潜在影响广泛的典型城市代表。本文以贺州市2013年贺江水污染突发事件应急管理案例作为研究对象,分析了当地社会转型及风险、当地应急管理的举措及成效等案例发生的背景,再对贺江水污染突发事件应急管理情况进行多方位剖析,总结其在应急管理的体制建设、机制建设、制度建设、保障体系建设、宣传教育等五项重点方面做法的可取之处,并分析出其存在的问题,包括问题官员违法受贿,放松管理,导致体制建设出现缺口；联防联控的机制不畅,行政监管部门事故的综合研判能力不足；制度建设短效化,整改治标不治本；追责制度落实从轻,追责不够彻底、震慑不足；应急科普教育不健全等方面。在分析问题的基础上,本研究总结了导致贺州市应急管理还有诸多不足的5个方面的原因：(1)受制于政绩考核导向目标,监管工作可能遭遇梗阻,放任风险管理的漏洞存在；(2)政府及其官员具有理性经济人色彩,行为动机存有偏差,导致管理“缩水”；(3)思想建设不到位,监管体制队伍作风不正,抗诱惑免疫不足,埋下社会安全隐患；(4)部门林立、条块分割、各自为政的“多头管理”行政管理模式,导致应急协同联动机制难落实；(5)缺乏制度建设的“紧箍咒”,口头环保成普遍,科学发展观难落实。以问题为导向,本论文借鉴纽约、东京等发展水平较成熟的国外城市的经验做法,从中寻找解决问题的启示。最后,提出了完善贺州市突发事件应急管理的五个方面的对策建议：一是创新行政体制改革,端正行政责任者政绩观；二是建立健全应急协同联动机制,加强公共危机预防成效；三是实践探索长效管理机制,切实降低风险发生机率；四是创新机制拓宽资金渠道,落实应急管理经费保障；五是提高公众的社会凤险意识和处突能力。
[Abstract]:Nowadays, all kinds of public emergencies occur frequently, which seriously affect people's production and life, and even threaten the stability of society, and bring great pressure to the emergency management of local governments. strengthening emergency management has become an unshirkable mission of local government. Hezhou City is located in the western part of China, located at the junction of Guangdong, Guangxi and Hunan provinces. It is a post-development and underdeveloped area, which can be regarded as a typical city representative with backward comprehensive strength, but outstanding social risks and extensive potential impact. Taking the emergency management case of Hejiang water pollution emergency management in Hezhou City in 2013 as the research object, this paper analyzes the background of the local social transformation and risk, the measures and effects of local emergency management, and then analyzes the emergency management of Hejiang water pollution emergency in many ways, and summarizes the system construction, mechanism construction, system construction and guarantee system construction of Hejiang water pollution emergency management. The advantages of five key aspects, such as propaganda and education, are analyzed, including the illegal bribery of officials and the relaxation of management, which leads to a gap in institutional construction. The mechanism of joint prevention and control is not smooth, and the comprehensive research and judgment ability of administrative supervision departments is insufficient; the system construction is short-efficiency, rectification and treatment is not the root cause; the implementation of the accountability system is lighter, the accountability system is not thorough enough, the shock and deterrence is not enough, and the emergency science popularization education is not perfect. On the basis of analyzing the problems, this study summarizes five reasons for the lack of emergency management in Hezhou City: (1) restricted by the goal of performance assessment, supervision may encounter obstruction, and loopholes in risk management exist; (2) the government and its officials have the color of rational economic man and the deviation of behavior motivation, which leads to the "shrinkage" of management. (3) the ideological construction is not in place, the style of supervision system is not correct, the anti-temptation immunity is insufficient, and the hidden danger of social security is buried; (4) the administrative management mode of "multi-head management", which is full of departments, is divided and separate, makes it difficult to implement the mechanism of emergency coordination and linkage; (5) without the "hoop spell" of system construction, oral environmental protection is universal, and the scientific concept of development is difficult to implement. Based on the problem-oriented, this paper draws lessons from the experience of foreign cities with mature development level, such as New York, Tokyo and so on, and finds the enlightenment to solve the problem. Finally, this paper puts forward five countermeasures and suggestions to improve the emergency management of Hezhou City: one is to innovate the reform of administrative system and correct the achievement view of those responsible for administration; the other is to establish and perfect the mechanism of emergency coordination and linkage to strengthen the effectiveness of public crisis prevention; the third is to practice and explore the long-term management mechanism to effectively reduce the probability of risk occurrence; the fourth is to innovate the mechanism to broaden the fund channels and implement the guarantee of emergency management funds. The fifth is to improve the public's awareness and ability to deal with risks in society.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D63
本文编号：2504556
[Abstract]:Nowadays, all kinds of public emergencies occur frequently, which seriously affect people's production and life, and even threaten the stability of society, and bring great pressure to the emergency management of local governments. strengthening emergency management has become an unshirkable mission of local government. Hezhou City is located in the western part of China, located at the junction of Guangdong, Guangxi and Hunan provinces. It is a post-development and underdeveloped area, which can be regarded as a typical city representative with backward comprehensive strength, but outstanding social risks and extensive potential impact. Taking the emergency management case of Hejiang water pollution emergency management in Hezhou City in 2013 as the research object, this paper analyzes the background of the local social transformation and risk, the measures and effects of local emergency management, and then analyzes the emergency management of Hejiang water pollution emergency in many ways, and summarizes the system construction, mechanism construction, system construction and guarantee system construction of Hejiang water pollution emergency management. The advantages of five key aspects, such as propaganda and education, are analyzed, including the illegal bribery of officials and the relaxation of management, which leads to a gap in institutional construction. The mechanism of joint prevention and control is not smooth, and the comprehensive research and judgment ability of administrative supervision departments is insufficient; the system construction is short-efficiency, rectification and treatment is not the root cause; the implementation of the accountability system is lighter, the accountability system is not thorough enough, the shock and deterrence is not enough, and the emergency science popularization education is not perfect. On the basis of analyzing the problems, this study summarizes five reasons for the lack of emergency management in Hezhou City: (1) restricted by the goal of performance assessment, supervision may encounter obstruction, and loopholes in risk management exist; (2) the government and its officials have the color of rational economic man and the deviation of behavior motivation, which leads to the "shrinkage" of management. (3) the ideological construction is not in place, the style of supervision system is not correct, the anti-temptation immunity is insufficient, and the hidden danger of social security is buried; (4) the administrative management mode of "multi-head management", which is full of departments, is divided and separate, makes it difficult to implement the mechanism of emergency coordination and linkage; (5) without the "hoop spell" of system construction, oral environmental protection is universal, and the scientific concept of development is difficult to implement. Based on the problem-oriented, this paper draws lessons from the experience of foreign cities with mature development level, such as New York, Tokyo and so on, and finds the enlightenment to solve the problem. Finally, this paper puts forward five countermeasures and suggestions to improve the emergency management of Hezhou City: one is to innovate the reform of administrative system and correct the achievement view of those responsible for administration; the other is to establish and perfect the mechanism of emergency coordination and linkage to strengthen the effectiveness of public crisis prevention; the third is to practice and explore the long-term management mechanism to effectively reduce the probability of risk occurrence; the fourth is to innovate the mechanism to broaden the fund channels and implement the guarantee of emergency management funds. The fifth is to improve the public's awareness and ability to deal with risks in society.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D63
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