刘恒小说的人性冲突主题研究

发布时间：2018-01-12 21:08

本文关键词：刘恒小说的人性冲突主题研究　出处：《西安外国语大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：刘恒的小说在褪去创作初期的革命浪漫主义色彩之后,从进入创作中期开始便着力于探寻人类的原始本性,观察在生存困境与各种诱惑之下的人性本貌。他的大部分作品都体现着深刻的悲剧意味,并展现了人性之间的矛盾冲突。因此,本文将以刘恒20世纪80年代末到90年代中期的小说作为研究对象,依据小说中的人物及事件展开分析,揭示刘恒小说中所存在的人与环境、人与人、人与自身等多面人性冲突的主题。论文主要内容构架如下:引言主要介绍选题来源,概述学界研究刘恒小说的成果及其不足,从而引出论文选题及写作思路。第一章以“人与环境”为主线,论述人与环境的共生与冲突。在刘恒笔下,环境被一个更为具体的象征物所替代,即粮食。以美国心理学家马斯洛提出的需求层次理论论述刘恒小说对生理需求的理解及其内涵,即以《狗日的粮食》为代表的某些短篇小说中或显或隐地对粮食作了深刻叙写。在刘恒的笔下,粮食是真实的可触摸的存在,同时又并不真实也难以触摸,而是以一种高姿态促使人们为之癫狂。刘恒还以“力气”为描写对象,通过所塑造的某些农民形象将自己一生的力气都交给了土地和粮食,粮食和生存占据了他们的精神存在。第二章主要以“人与人”为探究主题。在刘恒笔下塑造了许多男性形象,他们之间有着特殊的关系,而这些特殊关系则成为其探究人性的重要依据。本章主要从人与人之间的某些特殊关系入手,探讨人与人之间的位移。比如“父与子”是人类血缘关系中的一种重要关系,在刘恒小说中“父子关系”不是简单地被解读并浓缩为“权威与叛逆”,他们在矛盾中转换着各自的角色,或者说叛逆压制了权威,但又在迷茫中寻找权威。又比如“兄与弟”,他们之间的关系堪比父子,而在刘恒笔下父亲的角色逐渐被长兄所代替,权威逐渐移位到长兄身上,这一转换使得兄弟之间的关系趋向于对立面。再如男性与女性的关系也是其小说所着力展现的一种关系,女性形象在刘恒笔下并不多,但都是敢于为爱冲破伦理道德,敢于抗争命运的。在这些女性身上,几乎难以看到传统伦理道德的痕迹,而与之相对的一群男性面对伦理道德时却处处流露着胆怯。他们的冒险精神远远落后于女性,时时拿伦理道德压抑自己的人性。这种反常状态将成为本节研究的重点。第三章以“人与自身”为研究重点。刘恒善于描述人物的心理,而大量的心理描写则更加明显地展现了人物的内心挣扎和矛盾,这正是人与自身的抗争。首先,“性”是研究刘恒作品难以规避的一个主题,而获得性体验与遵守伦理纲常却注定是一对矛盾共同体,它们之间不是你死就是我亡。站在性欲与伦理之间如何抉择?这是刘恒笔下一群刚成人的男性所共同面临的人生课题。他的小说较为明显地揭示了人与道德的冲突,这种冲突感在人物身上得到了淋漓尽致的展现。其次,“白日梦”是刘恒喜欢描述的一种主人公心理场景,这与精神分析学有着重要联系,如果仔细分析不难看出这些“白日梦”其实是人物的性幻想。而这种生理与精神的双重需要却注定要与传统伦理道德背道而行。因此,在刘恒所塑造的一群人物当中,“性”是使人与道德产生冲突的一个重要因素,他笔下的叛逆者群体秉持人类低级而又重要的需求向传统道德宣战,它们之间一旦发生冲突将会愈演愈烈,而且这场“战役”的结局并不圆满,强大的传统伦理道德所造成的精神上的压迫感使得叛逆者们放弃了人类的低级诉求而缴械投降。这成为了他们“回归”传统道德的标志,而这一过程中的无奈、矛盾和挣扎也成为研究这一群并不纯粹的叛逆者们的重要内容。结语对全文进行总结之外,还将对刘恒后期小说创作进行简单叙述,发现其创作风格与方向的转变,进而弥补本文的缺陷,同时,也对刘恒小说的研究提出新的思考问题和方向以供今后探讨。
[Abstract]:After Liu Heng's novels in the early works of revolutionary romanticism faded colors, from entering the middle works began to focus on exploring the human original nature, observed under the survival plight and the temptations of the human nature of the appearance. Most of his works reflect the profound tragedy, and show the conflict between human nature. Therefore, in this paper Liu Heng will be at the end of 1980s to mid 90s novels as the research object, according to the characters and events to analyze, reveal people and the environment existing in Liu Heng's novels, people and people, people and their multi-faceted conflict of human nature theme. The main contents of this thesis are as follows: the introduction mainly introduces the framework of research topic, study overview Liu Heng's research results and its shortcomings, which leads to the topics and writing ideas. The first chapter of "human and environment" as the main line, and discusses the symbiosis of man and environment Conflict. Under Liu Heng's pen, the environment is a more specific symbol replaced food. Understanding its connotation proposed by American psychologist Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory on Liu Heng's novel on the physiological needs, some short stories in "damn grain > represented by implicitly or explicitly as a deep description of grain. Under Liu Heng's pen, the food is really touch, and not real is difficult to touch, but in a high profile to make people mad. Liu Heng also uses" strength "for the description of the object, will be his strength to the land and food through some of the image of farmers, food and living up the their spirit. The second chapter takes" people "as the research subject. In the writing of Liu Heng created many images of men, there is a special relationship between them, and these. But the relationship has become the important basis for the exploration of humanity. This chapter mainly from some of the special relationship between people with the discussion of displacement between people. For example, "father and son" is a kind of important relationship between human blood relationship, in Liu Heng's novel "relationship" is not simply be interpreted and concentrate for "authority and treason", they changed their roles in the conflict, or to suppress the rebellion of authority, but in search of authority in confusion. For example "elder brother and younger brother", the relationship between them as father and son, and father role in Liu Heng's works have been gradually replaced by the elder brother. Authority gradually shift to the elder brother who, this conversion makes tend to the opposite relationship between the brothers. A relationship between male and female is again the novel to show the female image is not much in Liu Heng's works, but are dare to love Through ethics, dare to fight. In these women, almost difficult to see traces of the traditional ethics, in the face of ethics and a group of male relative when he reveals the timid. Their spirit of adventure is far behind the woman, always take the ethical repressed humanity. This abnormal state this festival has become the focus of research. The third chapter takes "people with their own" as the research focus. Liu Hengshan in describing the characters' psychology, and a lot of psychological description is more obviously show the character's inner struggle and contradiction, which is one with its own struggle. First of all, "" is a theme of Liu Heng work hard to avoid, and gain experience and abide by ethics is bound to be a contradiction between their community, not you die I die. Standing between sexual ethics and how to choose? This is the next Liu Hengbi Life just adult male subject faced. His novels are clearly reveals the conflict between man and morality, the sense of conflict in people who had been most incisive demonstrated. Secondly, the "dream" is Liu Heng love described a hero of this psychological scene, and psychoanalysis is important contact, if a careful analysis is not difficult to see that these "daydream" actually is the character of sexual fantasies. The requirement of both physical and mental is destined to be with the traditional ethics opposite. Therefore, a group of characters portrayed in Liu Heng, "sex" is one of the important factors that make people and moral conflict under his pen, the rebel group uphold the human lower and important demand to the traditional moral war, once the conflict between them will be intensified, and this "battle" the outcome is not satisfactory, strong The traditional ethics caused by spiritual oppression makes the rebels to give up pursuit of the mankind and lower surrender. This became a symbol of their return to the traditional ethics, and the process of frustration, conflict and struggle has become an important part of this group is not pure rebels. The conclusion of the text to summarize, Liu Heng will also be on the later novel creation is briefly described, that change the writing style and direction, and then make up this defect, at the same time, the research on Liu Heng's novels also put forward new thinking and direction for future study.

【学位授予单位】：西安外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：I207.42

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