《怀古录》文学思想研究

发布时间：2018-03-12 21:00

本文选题：陈模　切入点：怀古录　出处：《内蒙古师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文以中华书局1993年出版的《怀古录校注》为基本文本依据,重点梳理、归纳和分析《怀古录》中的诗论、词论及文论观点,并总结探讨《怀古录》的历史地位与影响。正文分以下四个部分:一、创作宗旨与目的。本文认为《怀古录》的创作宗旨与目的有二:一是,借诗文复古以讽谏时俗。南宋末期士风日下,诗文创作体格卑弱。陈模对此深感忧虑,希望文人能恪守儒家风范,恢复诗文的讽喻功能,从而达到拯救时弊,迎风易俗的目的。二是,抨击南宋末三种诗歌写作的弊端,倡导“诗教”传统。陈模批判江西末流资书为诗,堆砌典故的流弊,对于“四灵”的诗,陈模则严厉指责其“卑弱无骨气”。二、《怀古录》的诗学思想。首先,受诗学传统与时代风貌的影响,陈模在其诗歌批评中多次运用“气象”这一范畴,以其指称诗之气貌、神情、气势等,并特别推崇杜甫的“儒者气象”,这体现出陈模对雄浑雅健诗风的崇尚;其次,“自然”是《怀古录》最重要的美学追求,陈模赞赏杜诗浑涵而无迹可见,又评苏轼诗“如大江大河,驰骋而无往不可”。复次,陈模论诗味讲究含蓄、有意味,在唐绝句中以李商隐、杜牧之、刘禹锡和白乐天的诗为最高,并通过诗画关系的阐释,推崇诗歌之“神韵”;最后,在诗歌创作的形式和法度方面。陈模认为诗歌创作要以“活法”求之。这是对南宋末众多师法江西诗者的反拨。而诗句上下内容的转接,诗句意义的转接都能使诗歌韵味无穷。三、《怀古录》的散文主张。第一,陈模倡导文章“须要关治乱理致”,以“有用”“无用”论文章之价值,虽不免流于狭隘,但可见其认同欧阳修提出的文章要“关乎国家兴废”的观点。结合宋末社会现实与文坛实际,这也体现了他强烈的社会责任意识。第二,在文章气势方面,陈模崇尚气势雄弘之作。其赞苏轼文章句式错落有致,议论痛快淋漓;同时,又推崇平淡处寓顿挫、气象苍然的欧阳修文章。第三,对于文章的法度,陈模认为写文章和作诗一样需要讲求反覆、顿挫、平淡、理致、自然、含蓄等手法的合理使用,以取得最佳的艺术效果。并批判了时人作古文只知减字的习惯,认为文字要依据文章内容而或详或略。其四,陈模还简单论述了铭、赞等的文体特征及其创作要求。认为,认为铭文和叙、诗、赞不同,具有自己的文体特点与表达方式,韩愈、欧阳修的铭文具有“高古”的特点;司马迁《史记》的赞文“表然独见”,有“春秋之笔”、放纵自如的特点。四、《怀古录》地位与影响。其一,在中国诗学史上,《怀古录》首次对陈师道的诗歌特点做了深入的总结和评述。认为陈师道的诗高于江西诗派,有杜工部气象,但缺乏杜诗的浑涵自然。其二,在中国词学史上,最早从“以文为词”的角度释解辛弃疾的词。辛弃疾在词中大量运用典故,将散文的句式化作词句,使词突破了其原有本色。陈模褒赞这种作词手法,评辛词为“万古清风”。
[Abstract]:The paper published by Zhonghua Book Company in 1993 "school note" as the basic tone recorded text basis, analyzes, summarizes and analyzes the book < > huaigu CI poetics view and literary theory, and summarized the historical status and influence of "nostalgia recorded. > text is divided into the following four parts: first, the purpose of creation and objective. The aim and purpose of writing the book < > huaigu two: one is to borrow the allegorical poetry ancient custom of the time. The late Southern Song Dynasty scholar, literary creation physique weak. Chen die is deeply worried, hope can abide by the Confucian literati style, poetic allegory restoration function, so as to save time. The wind Yi purpose. The two is at the late Southern Song Dynasty poetry writing three kinds of drawbacks, advocate the tradition of poetry teaching mode. Chen criticism of Jiangxi moliu capital book of poetry, allusion to" pile of abuses, four poems, Chen die is severely criticized the "humble character." two. "Huaigu Book > poetic thought. First, influenced by the traditional poetics and modern appearance, Chen die in his poetry criticism in the repeated use of the category of "weather", with its alleged poem gas appearance, look, style, and especially praised Du Fu's "Confucian temperament", which reflects the male die Chen Hun ya Jian poetry advocates; secondly, "nature" is the most important book on < > aesthetic pursuit, Chen Du Fu and Han Hun die appreciation unscented visible, on Su Shi's poem "such as rivers, ride to Chen Mo." besides, poetic flavors subtle and meaningful, Du Muzhi to Li Shangyin in the Tang Dynasty, poems, the poems of Liu Yuxi and the white Lotte is the highest, and the relationship between the two interpretations, praised the poetry of "charm"; finally, the form and testimonies in poetry creation. Chen think poetry to die for "living law". This is at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty Jiangxi poetry from many anti dial. And the verse on the contents of the transfer, the transfer can make the meaning of verse poetry infinite charm. Three, < > prose idea. Meditate on the book first, Chen advocated for the "need to shut the mould theory", "useful" and "useless" on the value, although not a narrow, but its identity Ou Yangxiu proposed to the "national waste" point of view. Combining with the social reality of late Song Dynasty and literary practice, which reflects his strong sense of social responsibility. In second, the momentum, Chen Hong of the magnificent male die advocate. Su Shi praised the sentence blocks, talk with great eloquence; at the same time. He adored the plain office apartment setback, weather Cang ran Ou Yangxiu. Article third, for the program, Chen Mo wrote articles and poems as well as the need to stress repeatedly, frustration, dull, physical, natural, rational use of implicit methods, to achieve the best effect of Art Fruit. And the criticism when people only know the ancient minus the habit that according to article content and text or detailed or omitted. Fourth, Chen mold also briefly discusses the stylistic features of Ming, and writing. Like other requirements that think of inscriptions and Syria, poetry, like different, with the expression. I am Han Yu style, Ou Yangxiu's inscription has the characteristic of "high ancient"; Sima Qian's "historical records" > eulogy but only see table "," spring and autumn pen, indulge freely. Four, < > meditate on the status and influence of the book. In a Chinese poetics history, < huaigu the characteristics of Chen Shidao's poetry book "for the first time to do a thorough summary and comments. That the poetry of Chen Shidao was higher than that of the Jiangxi School of poetry, with Mrs ministry weather, but the lack of Du Fu's muddy nature. Second, in China ci history from the earliest interpretation of" writing words "point of Xin Qiji's words. Xin Qiji the use of a large number of words in the dictionary Therefore, the prose sentence into words, words that break through its original character. The lyrics praise Chen die technique, evaluation of the word for "eternal wind Xin".

【学位授予单位】：内蒙古师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I206.2

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