抗战语境下的郭沫若与《屈原》

发布时间：2018-03-13 17:16

本文选题：抗战语境　切入点：郭沫若　出处：《山东大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：抗日战争期间,民族危机空前加深,国共两党摒弃前嫌共同抵御日本侵略者。但双方并非相安无事,摩擦冲突伴随抗战形势接连不断,为避免正面冲突,双方常常借历史以言当下,历史剧为双方争夺政治话语的领导权提供了一个重要的场域。1942年3月,郭沫若创作了历史剧《屈原》,围绕《屈原》的发表和搬上舞台,引发了一连串的风波。本文尝试以比较细致的个案研究方式,探讨这场争论的影响极其对郭沫若抗战时期文化领袖形象的塑造,进而显示历史记忆与现实政治的复杂互动关系。本文首先探讨《屈原》问世的政治背景,分别就抗战初期国共两党对郭沫若的争夺、抗战时期重庆的话剧运动两个主题进行阐释,意在说明郭沫若回国后并非当即投入中共的“怀抱”,其在政治态度上有过犹疑；抗战时期的重庆戏剧成为两党进行意识形态斗争的工具,国共两党通过话剧运动争夺民族话语的领导权。政治背景之外,通过重建郭沫若创作《屈原》的心路历程,体现中共“寿郭事件”对郭沫若政治态度转变的影响,以及郭沫若创作《屈原》的另一个关键因素：郭沫若长久以来对屈原研究的“情有独钟”及意欲将其戏剧化的倾向。之后,通过还原《屈原》的内容与主旨指出《屈原》在创作之初并非全然影射现实之作,其背后有着更为深刻的主题,除了批评现实,民族统一更是郭沫若创作《屈原》的确切旨趣；通过分析《屈原》背后的文化意涵,指出郭沫若的历史观念。相反,《屈原》创作之初并非如此“别有用心”,《屈原》的地位与影响形成于其现实影响之中——《屈原》与国民党文化政策的矛盾和与中共文化政策的契合、历史真实与艺术真实之争、《屈原》与《野玫瑰》之争。最后,抛却政治,从纯粹的学术史业绩层面,对《屈原》及郭沫若进行评价,以还原其本来面目：《屈原》的现有地位更多的是在特殊的历史环境中其政治意义被过度阐释的结果。所以,称《屈原》“超过了历史上所有表现屈原的作品”,确有夸大其词之嫌。围绕《屈原》所产生的学术争论,不同学者对屈原及其思想的理解、认识上的差异,本应为中国现代学术史上重要的内容,而争论所及之处,却掺杂了过多的个人观点和政治旨趣。郭沫若在抗战时期文化领袖地位的形成,一方面,是郭沫若本人选择的结果,另一方面也是中共有意塑造的结果,所谓“时势造英雄”。
[Abstract]:During the War of Resistance against Japan, the national crisis deepened unprecedentedly, and the Kuomintang and the Communist Party abandoned their former suspicions and jointly resisted the Japanese aggressors. But the two sides were not at peace with each other. Friction and conflict accompanied by a succession of situations in the War of Resistance against Japan, in order to avoid positive conflicts, In March 1942, Guo Moruo created the historical play qu Yuan, which was published and moved to the stage around the publication of qu Yuan. This paper attempts to explore the impact of this controversy on the image of Guo Moruo's cultural leaders during the War of Resistance against Japan by means of a more detailed case study. Then it shows the complex interaction between historical memory and realistic politics. Firstly, this paper discusses the political background of qu Yuan's emergence, and discusses the struggle between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China against Guo Moruo in the early stage of the War of Resistance against Japan. The two themes of the drama movement in Chongqing during the War of Resistance against Japan were explained to show that Guo Moruo did not immediately enter the "embrace" of the Chinese Communist Party after returning to China, and that he was hesitant in his political attitude. The drama of Chongqing during the Anti-Japanese War became the tool of ideological struggle between the two parties. The Kuomintang and the Communist Party fought for the leadership of the national discourse through the drama movement. Reflecting the influence of the "Shouguo incident" on Guo Moruo's political attitude, And another key factor in Guo Moruo's creation of qu Yuan: Guo Moruo's longstanding "love for qu Yuan" and his tendency to dramatize it. Through the restoration of the content and purport of qu Yuan, it is pointed out that qu Yuan did not completely insinuate the realistic works at the beginning of his creation, but there is a more profound theme behind it. Besides criticizing reality, the national unity is the exact purport of Guo Moruo's creation of qu Yuan. By analyzing the cultural implications behind qu Yuan, It points out that Guo Moruo's historical concept. On the contrary, qu Yuan was not originally created with ulterior motives. The status and influence of qu Yuan came into being from its realistic influence-the contradiction between qu Yuan and the Kuomintang's cultural policy and the consonance with the Chinese Communist Party's cultural policy. The struggle between historical reality and artistic truth, between qu Yuan and Wild Rose. Finally, to give up politics and evaluate qu Yuan and Guo Moruo from a purely academic historical achievement level. In order to restore its true identity: qu Yuan's present status is more the result of its political significance being overinterpreted in a special historical environment. To say that "qu Yuan" "exceeds all the works of qu Yuan in history," is indeed an exaggeration. Around the academic debates that have arisen from "qu Yuan," there are differences in understanding and understanding of qu Yuan and his thoughts among different scholars. What should have been an important part of China's modern academic history, however, has mixed too much personal views and political purport. On the one hand, the formation of Guo Moruo's position as a cultural leader during the War of Resistance against Japan was, on the one hand, the result of Guo Moruo's choice. On the other hand, it is also the result of the Chinese Communist Party's intention to shape, so-called "the times create heroes."
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：I207.3

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