文学观念变革的时代标本-《当代文艺思潮》研究
发布时间：2018-09-19 08:20
【摘要】：作为对学界"重返八十年代"研究的呼应,本文从活跃于1980年代并且产生广泛影响的一份文艺理论刊物——《当代文艺思潮》入手来考察1980年代我国文学观念的演变历程。这份刊物在当时影响巨大,它所刊发的文章被《人大复印资料》转载共224篇,被《新华文摘》转载共9篇。本文认为在中国大陆,中国共产党领导下的文联和作协是文学体制的执行性实体机构。《当代文艺思潮》作为甘肃省文联主办的刊物,其性质当属文学体制的一部分。本文将《当代文艺思潮》刊发的文章大致分为四个类别:理论文本、史论文本、评论文本与方法论文本。在理论文本方面,内容十分丰富。首先,关于左翼文学理论的讨论,通过开辟"马列文艺思想研究"、"毛泽东文艺思想研究"、"纪念《讲话》发表四十五周年"等专栏,刊发了相当一部分对已有结论提出商榷和另辟蹊径的文章,这些文章给传统左翼文学理论注入了新的活力,从而推动了一个多元共生局面的形成。其次,关于"人道主义"的讨论,用"启蒙人道主义"代替了"阶级论",迅速突破"资产阶级人道主义"抑或"社会主义人道主义"的窠臼,将人道主义认同为人类社会的普遍原则。以是否表现了完整的"人性"为标准来对当代文学进行重新审视。但是,《当代文艺思潮》所倡导的"人道主义"难以突破"启蒙人道主义"的局限。再次,关于文学"主体性"和"向内转"的讨论,《当代文艺思潮》所刊发的文章体现了对创作主体和对象主体的双重尊重,体现了对文学独立性的强调以及对文学研究本体性的回归。又次,关于"实践美学"的讨论,《当代文艺思潮》所刊发的文章体现了人学、人类学本体论研究思路和以审美活动为中心的研究思路。以上讨论构成了一个倡导"人的觉醒"的系列。今天来看,《当代文艺思潮》所刊发的高扬人的价值的文章,无疑推动了文学观念的变革,使之朝着更加合理化的方向发展。但是在这一过程中,这些文章也几乎是不可避免地陷入了二元对立思维的窠臼。最后,关于"现代主义"的讨论,《当代文艺思潮》通过开设"国外文艺思潮之窗"栏目以及刊发如徐敬亚的《崛起的诗群——评我国诗歌的现代倾向》等文章推动了 "现代主义"理论在中国的传播。在史论文本方面,《当代文艺思潮》通过《就当代文学问题答当代文艺思潮编辑部问》和《中国当代社会主义文艺的回顾与展望——评论家笔谈、答问》以及围绕它们所组织的一系列文章参与了"进化论"和"断裂论"的文学史观在1980年代的形成与传播。在新时期文学应该承续五四文学还是"十七年"文学的问题上,《当代文艺思潮》刊发的文章各执一词,特别是主张回归五四文学传统的文章不可避免地跌入了"本质主义"和"整体主义"的陷阱。在评论文本方面,《当代文艺思潮》表现出比同时期的同类刊物更加大胆的特点。但也留下了缺乏时间距离而产生的"沉淀"性不足的缺憾。但是,对以王蒙的作品为代表的"意识流"小说的肯定,对以刘索拉、徐星的作品为代表的"现代派"小说的深入分析,对作为一个整体的"寻根文学"的关注,对新锐批评家的重视,对青年批评家的提携,是应该充分肯定的,它们都体现了文学观念在1980年代中期发生的巨大变革。在方法论文本方面,《当代文艺思潮》通过开设"文艺学与社会科学"、"美学与文艺学的现代化问题"、"文艺学、美学与其他科学"、"文艺学与现代科学"、"文艺新百科"等栏目刊发了一系列研究文章,给予庸俗社会学研究方法以沉重的打击,打破文学艺术研究方法单一的局面,唤醒了文艺研究的"方法论"意识。但也存在着生硬"横移"自然科学研究方法,过高估计方法的作用的弊端。通过对《当代文艺思潮》的研究,我们发现:1980年代的文学观念远不如想象中的那样单质化、纯粹化。至少是左翼文学观念与"新启蒙"文学观念并存。"新启蒙"文学观念应该处于主潮的位置,它在1980年代的形成是"体制"内变革的结果。作为"新启蒙"文学观核心观点的文学的人学属性和文学的自律性,在1980年代中期得到了广泛认同,但却缺乏反思。传统左翼文学观并没有对"新启蒙"文学观形成打压之势,相反,持左翼文学观的人士在对待"新启蒙"文学观的时候,大多数是采取交流和探讨的态度,而且对"新启蒙"文学观的一些核心观点,他们也是接受的。
[Abstract]:In response to the study of "returning to the 1980s", this paper examines the evolution of literary concepts in China in the 1980s from a literary and artistic theoretical Journal - "Contemporary Trends of Thought in Literature and Art" - which was active in the 1980s and had a wide influence. This journal had a great influence at that time, and its articles were reprinted by the People's Congress of China. There are 224 articles, which were reprinted in the Xinhua Digest. This paper holds that in the mainland of China, the Federation of Literature and Works under the leadership of the Communist Party of China is the executive entity of the literary system. There are four categories: theoretical texts, historical texts, commentary texts and methodological texts. In theoretical texts, the content is very rich. Firstly, the discussion on the left-wing literary theory has been published in quite a few columns, such as "the study of Marxist-Leninist literary thought", "the study of Mao Zedong's literary thought", "the commemoration of the forty-fifth anniversary of the publication of the Speech". These articles inject new vitality into the Traditional Left-wing literary theory and thus promote the formation of a pluralistic symbiosis. Secondly, the discussion of "humanitarianism" replaces "class theory" with "enlightenment humanitarianism" and breaks through "bourgeois humanitarianism" or "social ownership" rapidly. Humanitarianism is a universal principle of human society. It is necessary to re-examine contemporary literature on the basis of its integrity. However, humanism advocated by Contemporary Trends of Literature and Art is hard to break through the limitations of enlightening humanism. Thirdly, the subjectivity and harmony of literature turn inward. The articles published in Contemporary Trends of Thought in Literature and Art reflect the double respect for the subject of creation and the subject of object, the emphasis on the independence of literature and the return to the ontology of literary research. The above discussion constitutes a series of advocates of "human awakening". Today, the articles that promote human values published in Contemporary Trends of Literature and Art undoubtedly promote the transformation of literary ideas and make them more rational. Finally, the discussion of modernism, the opening of the "Window of Foreign Literary and Artistic Trends" column and the publication of such articles as Xu Jingya's "Rising Poetry Groups - Commenting on the Modern Tendency of Chinese Poetry" promoted the spread of "modernism" theory in China. In terms of historical texts, "Contemporary Literature and Art Trends" and "Review and Prospect of Contemporary Chinese Socialist Literature and Art" through "Answering Contemporary Literature and Art Trend Editorial Questions" and "Critics'Written Talk, Answer" and a series of articles organized around them participated in the literary historical outlook of "Evolutionism" and "Fragmentation Theory" in the 1980s. On the question of whether literature in the new period should continue the May 4th Literature or the 17-year Literature, the articles published in Contemporary Literature and Art Trend hold different opinions, especially those advocating a return to the May 4th Literature tradition inevitably fall into the trap of "essentialism" and "holism". However, the affirmation of Wang Meng's "stream of consciousness" novels, the in-depth analysis of "modernist" novels represented by Liu Sola and Xu Xing, and the search for "modernist" novels as a whole The attention paid to the root literature, the attention paid to the new critics and the promotion of the young critics should be fully affirmed. They all reflect the tremendous changes in literary concepts that took place in the mid-1980s. "Art, Aesthetics and Other Sciences", "Literature and Art and Modern Science", "New Encyclopedia of Literature and Art" and other columns published a series of research articles, which gave a heavy blow to vulgar sociological research methods, broke the single situation of literary and art research methods, and aroused the "methodological" consciousness of literary and art research. Through the study of Contemporary Trends of Literature and Art, we find that the literary concepts of the 1980s are far less simple and pure than those of the imagination. At least the left-wing literary concepts and the "new enlightenment" literary concepts coexist. The formation of literature is the result of the reform in the "system". The humanistic nature and literary self-discipline of literature, as the core of the "new enlightenment" literary view, were widely recognized in the mid-1980s, but lacked reflection. The Traditional Left-wing literary view did not suppress the "new enlightenment" literary view, on the contrary, the people who hold the "left-wing literary view" are treating the "new enlightenment" literary view. Most of the new enlightenment literary views adopt an attitude of communication and discussion, and they also accept some of the core views of the new enlightenment literary view.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：I206.7
本文编号：2249571
[Abstract]:In response to the study of "returning to the 1980s", this paper examines the evolution of literary concepts in China in the 1980s from a literary and artistic theoretical Journal - "Contemporary Trends of Thought in Literature and Art" - which was active in the 1980s and had a wide influence. This journal had a great influence at that time, and its articles were reprinted by the People's Congress of China. There are 224 articles, which were reprinted in the Xinhua Digest. This paper holds that in the mainland of China, the Federation of Literature and Works under the leadership of the Communist Party of China is the executive entity of the literary system. There are four categories: theoretical texts, historical texts, commentary texts and methodological texts. In theoretical texts, the content is very rich. Firstly, the discussion on the left-wing literary theory has been published in quite a few columns, such as "the study of Marxist-Leninist literary thought", "the study of Mao Zedong's literary thought", "the commemoration of the forty-fifth anniversary of the publication of the Speech". These articles inject new vitality into the Traditional Left-wing literary theory and thus promote the formation of a pluralistic symbiosis. Secondly, the discussion of "humanitarianism" replaces "class theory" with "enlightenment humanitarianism" and breaks through "bourgeois humanitarianism" or "social ownership" rapidly. Humanitarianism is a universal principle of human society. It is necessary to re-examine contemporary literature on the basis of its integrity. However, humanism advocated by Contemporary Trends of Literature and Art is hard to break through the limitations of enlightening humanism. Thirdly, the subjectivity and harmony of literature turn inward. The articles published in Contemporary Trends of Thought in Literature and Art reflect the double respect for the subject of creation and the subject of object, the emphasis on the independence of literature and the return to the ontology of literary research. The above discussion constitutes a series of advocates of "human awakening". Today, the articles that promote human values published in Contemporary Trends of Literature and Art undoubtedly promote the transformation of literary ideas and make them more rational. Finally, the discussion of modernism, the opening of the "Window of Foreign Literary and Artistic Trends" column and the publication of such articles as Xu Jingya's "Rising Poetry Groups - Commenting on the Modern Tendency of Chinese Poetry" promoted the spread of "modernism" theory in China. In terms of historical texts, "Contemporary Literature and Art Trends" and "Review and Prospect of Contemporary Chinese Socialist Literature and Art" through "Answering Contemporary Literature and Art Trend Editorial Questions" and "Critics'Written Talk, Answer" and a series of articles organized around them participated in the literary historical outlook of "Evolutionism" and "Fragmentation Theory" in the 1980s. On the question of whether literature in the new period should continue the May 4th Literature or the 17-year Literature, the articles published in Contemporary Literature and Art Trend hold different opinions, especially those advocating a return to the May 4th Literature tradition inevitably fall into the trap of "essentialism" and "holism". However, the affirmation of Wang Meng's "stream of consciousness" novels, the in-depth analysis of "modernist" novels represented by Liu Sola and Xu Xing, and the search for "modernist" novels as a whole The attention paid to the root literature, the attention paid to the new critics and the promotion of the young critics should be fully affirmed. They all reflect the tremendous changes in literary concepts that took place in the mid-1980s. "Art, Aesthetics and Other Sciences", "Literature and Art and Modern Science", "New Encyclopedia of Literature and Art" and other columns published a series of research articles, which gave a heavy blow to vulgar sociological research methods, broke the single situation of literary and art research methods, and aroused the "methodological" consciousness of literary and art research. Through the study of Contemporary Trends of Literature and Art, we find that the literary concepts of the 1980s are far less simple and pure than those of the imagination. At least the left-wing literary concepts and the "new enlightenment" literary concepts coexist. The formation of literature is the result of the reform in the "system". The humanistic nature and literary self-discipline of literature, as the core of the "new enlightenment" literary view, were widely recognized in the mid-1980s, but lacked reflection. The Traditional Left-wing literary view did not suppress the "new enlightenment" literary view, on the contrary, the people who hold the "left-wing literary view" are treating the "new enlightenment" literary view. Most of the new enlightenment literary views adopt an attitude of communication and discussion, and they also accept some of the core views of the new enlightenment literary view.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：I206.7
【参考文献】
相关博士学位论文 前2条
1 刘坚;媒介文化思潮与当代文学观念[D];吉林大学;2012年
2 李明德;当代中国文化语境中的文学期刊研究[D];兰州大学;2006年
，本文编号：2249571
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/gudaiwenxuelunwen/2249571.html
