论敦煌变文的通俗化特征

发布时间：2018-11-25 12:37

【摘要】：变文是敦煌写卷中最具价值的通俗文学之一,论文主要以敦煌变文为研究对象,从具体文本出发,对其题材内容、思想倾向和演出形式展开详尽探析,进而讨论其通俗化特征。论文主要包括五个部分:第一部分对变文目前的研究情况作出文献综述,确定变文的概念以及本文的研究范围。通过对相关资料的梳理本文认为,变文是唐五代时期流行于民间的讲唱变文的底本,它是一种说唱伎艺。变文的产生受到中国传统文学和印度佛经文学的双重影响。除此之外,根据变文配合图画讲唱故事的本质特征以及各写卷的具体情况,明晰现存的敦煌讲唱文学中有二十一篇变文。第二部分重在剖析变文题材内容的多样性,主要从佛教变文和世俗变文两方面展开。佛教题材的变文,情节与内容往往杂糅众经。同时,大多数变文故事在佛经中的记载都较为详细,与佛经相比变文的词句则较为生动活泼,这使得佛教题材的变文呈现出宣教性与故事性相结合的特点。世俗变文则吸收历史、民间故事,表现出历史性和现实性相结合的特点。第三部分主要探讨变文思想倾向演变问题。宣传教义是佛教变文的主题,一方面佛陀弟子借助变文这一文学表现形式,向生活在社会下层的人们展现玄妙深奥的佛法。另一方面,僧徒们为了迎合和满足当时、当地百姓的思想需求,使高深莫测的般若学和禅学逐渐向民间化的方向发展。在佛教变文中,这种转变集中体现为地狱审判思想、业报轮回思想、行善布施思想,以及由纯粹的佛教思想向“三教融合”发展。第四部分着眼于变文演出的发展。变文作为唐五代时期流行于民间的演唱底本,其演出形式称为“转变”。在敦煌写卷被发现之前,世人很少注意到文献中关于变文及其演唱的零星记载。本文试图从这些记载中,窥探变文表演形式的特点。第五部分探讨敦煌变文通俗化的意义和影响。主要从三个方面展开:首先,变文加速了佛教文学“中国化”的历程,是佛教“中国化”的表现之一。其次,变文宣传了中国传统社会的主流价值观。最后,变文无论是其表演形式还是题材内容,都对后世文学产生了十分深远的影响。
[Abstract]:Bianwen is one of the most valuable popular literature written in Dunhuang. This paper mainly takes Dunhuang Bianwen as the research object, from the concrete text, carries on the detailed analysis to its subject matter content, the thought tendency and the performance form, then discusses its popularizing characteristic. This paper mainly includes five parts: the first part is a literature review of the current research situation of Bianwen, the definition of the text and the scope of this paper. Through combing the relevant materials, this paper thinks that Bianwen is the basic text of the folk spoken and sung in the Tang and five dynasties, and it is a kind of rapper art. The creation of Bianwen was influenced by both Chinese traditional literature and Indian Buddhist scripture literature. In addition, according to the essential characteristics of fictions and the specific situation of writing each volume, it is clear that there are 21 texts in the existing Dunhuang narrative and singing literature. The second part focuses on the analysis of the diversity of the subject matter, mainly from two aspects: Buddhist and secular. The Buddhist subject matter change text, the plot and the content often mixes the numerous classics. At the same time, most of the fictional stories in the Buddhist scriptures are more detailed, compared with the Buddhist scriptures, the words and phrases are more lively, which makes the Buddhist theme of the transliteration shows the characteristics of the combination of teaching and story. Secular texts absorb history and folk stories, showing the combination of history and reality. The third part mainly discusses the evolution of the ideological tendency of Bianwen. Propagandizing and teaching is the theme of Buddhist scriptures. On the one hand, the disciples of the Buddha show the mysterious and profound Buddhism to the people living in the lower strata of society with the help of the literary expression. On the other hand, in order to meet the needs of the local people, the unfathomable Prajna and Zen studies gradually developed towards the direction of folk. In Buddhist transliteration, this transformation is embodied in the thought of judgment in hell, the thought of rebirth of karma, the thought of doing good and giving, and the development from pure Buddhist thought to "integration of the three religions". The fourth part focuses on the development of the performance. As a popular folk singing basis in the Tang and five dynasties, Bianwen's performance form is called "transformation". Prior to the discovery of Dunhuang manuscripts, little attention was paid to the anecdotal records of the bible and its singing in the literature. From these records, this paper attempts to explore the characteristics of the performance form of the text. The fifth part discusses the significance and influence of the popularization of Dunhuang Bianwen. First of all, it accelerates the process of "Sinicization" of Buddhist literature and is one of the manifestations of Buddhism's "Sinicization". Secondly, the text propagandizes the mainstream values of Chinese traditional society. Finally, both the performance form and the subject matter of Bianwen have exerted a profound influence on the literature of later generations.
【学位授予单位】：新疆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I207.7

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