中国现当代小说中的清遗民形象研究
发布时间：2018-12-09 14:55
【摘要】：每逢朝代更迭之际,总有人因心怀故国而不与新朝合作,他们即被称为遗民。清遗民是清王朝覆灭之后出现的一个新的遗民群体。与以往的历代遗民相比,清遗民因身处中国从封建专制向民主共和转变的关口而显示自身的独特性。尤其是新文化运动以后,传统儒家思想失去了社会价值体系的中心位置。他们对故国的“忠义”不再受到世人的敬仰,反而显得保守落后。在不同的历史时期,小说刻画清遗民形象的重点也有所不同。五四新文化运动激烈的反传统主张为中国现代小说清遗民书写方式奠定了反传统的基调。但在前后也呈现出不一样的特点,越是接近五四的高潮时期,清遗民身上的反传统的痕迹就越是明显,从五四到四十年代这一时期的清遗民基本上被塑造成知识分子攻击传统文化的靶子。到了四十年代,由于民族危机的加深,反传统的力度减弱.相对的,传统文化中的优质成分得到重视,反映到小说中就呈现为清遗民形象开始变得丰富饱满。从建国到新时期之前,由于政治原因,这一时期小说中的清遗民形象缺席。80年代小说到新时期,清遗民形象身上受政治束缚的痕迹越来越淡,到了新时期作家已经能够摆脱政治批判模式而将清遗民作为普通的个体,从民族、家族和个人的角度描写他们的生命体验。中国现当代小说中的清遗民形象主要分为固守传统的遗民形象和辛亥革命以后的旗人遗民形象。固守旧时代的遗民对旧王朝的留恋既可怜又可笑,这些清遗民形象保守的政治和文化倾向是逆于时代之大潮,但作为独立的个体,他们身上具有着深厚的文化意蕴。他们对传统文化的坚守在五四狂飙突进的反传统浪潮中为传统文化的延续保存生机,同时对五四的激进也有一定的反拨作用。旗人遗民因为在清王朝的统治政策而在民初社会遭到排挤,他们往日对生存技能的轻视导致他们在新的社会环境下变得步履维艰。这对于我们研究民初社会的民族观提供了新的视角,透过小说中的旗人遗民形象在民初社会的痛苦遭遇可以窥见革命党人最初与梁启超等人相左的小民族观。虽然在革命成功以后,革命党人又作了调整,但这一定程度上也反映出辛亥革命的不够成熟。
[Abstract]:When dynasties change, there are people who do not cooperate with New Korea because of their homeland. They are called survivors. Qing Dynasty was a new group of survivors after the fall of Qing Dynasty. Compared with the previous dynasties, the Qing Dynasty showed their uniqueness because they were at the crossroads of China's transition from feudal autocracy to democratic republicanism. Especially after the New Culture Movement, the traditional Confucian thought lost the central position of the social value system. Their loyalty to the country is no longer admired by the world, but appears conservative and backward. In different historical periods, the focus of depicting the image of Qing Dynasty people is also different. The fierce anti-tradition proposition of the May 4th New Culture Movement laid an anti-traditional tone for the writing style of the Qing people in modern Chinese novels. However, there are different characteristics before and after it. The closer it is to the climax of the May 4th Movement, the more obvious are the traces of anti-tradition on the people of the Qing Dynasty. During the period from May 4 th to 1940 s, the Qing relic was basically shaped as a target for intellectuals to attack traditional culture. By the 1940 s, as the national crisis deepened, the strength of anti-tradition weakened. In contrast, the high-quality elements of traditional culture have been attached importance to, reflected in the novel as the image of the Qing Dynasty people began to become rich and full. Before the founding of the people's Republic of China to the new period, due to political reasons, the image of the Qing people in the novels of this period was absent. From the 1980s to the new period, the traces of the political restraints on the image of the Qing people became weaker and weaker. In the new era, writers have been able to shake off the mode of political criticism and regard the Qing people as ordinary individuals, describing their life experience from the angle of nationality, family and individual. The image of Qing people in modern and contemporary Chinese novels is mainly divided into the image of the adherents to the tradition and the image of the flag bearers after the Revolution of 1911. The nostalgia for the old dynasty is pitiful and ridiculous. The conservative political and cultural tendency of the Qing Dynasty's image is contrary to the tide of the times, but as an independent individual, they have profound cultural implication. Their adherence to traditional culture preserved the vitality of the continuation of traditional culture in the anti-tradition tide of the May fourth Movement, and it also played a certain role in reversing the radicalization of the May fourth Movement. Because of the ruling policy of the Qing Dynasty, the people of the flag people were excluded from the society in the early part of the Republic of China. Their contempt for life skills led them to struggle in the new social environment. This provides a new angle of view for us to study the national outlook of the early Republic of China. Through the painstaking experiences of the Flag people in the early Republic of China, we can see the small national outlook that the revolutionaries and Liang Qichao and so on initially disagreed with. Although the revolutionary party made adjustments after the success of the revolution, to some extent, it also reflected the immaturity of the 1911 Revolution.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I207.42
本文编号：2369568
[Abstract]:When dynasties change, there are people who do not cooperate with New Korea because of their homeland. They are called survivors. Qing Dynasty was a new group of survivors after the fall of Qing Dynasty. Compared with the previous dynasties, the Qing Dynasty showed their uniqueness because they were at the crossroads of China's transition from feudal autocracy to democratic republicanism. Especially after the New Culture Movement, the traditional Confucian thought lost the central position of the social value system. Their loyalty to the country is no longer admired by the world, but appears conservative and backward. In different historical periods, the focus of depicting the image of Qing Dynasty people is also different. The fierce anti-tradition proposition of the May 4th New Culture Movement laid an anti-traditional tone for the writing style of the Qing people in modern Chinese novels. However, there are different characteristics before and after it. The closer it is to the climax of the May 4th Movement, the more obvious are the traces of anti-tradition on the people of the Qing Dynasty. During the period from May 4 th to 1940 s, the Qing relic was basically shaped as a target for intellectuals to attack traditional culture. By the 1940 s, as the national crisis deepened, the strength of anti-tradition weakened. In contrast, the high-quality elements of traditional culture have been attached importance to, reflected in the novel as the image of the Qing Dynasty people began to become rich and full. Before the founding of the people's Republic of China to the new period, due to political reasons, the image of the Qing people in the novels of this period was absent. From the 1980s to the new period, the traces of the political restraints on the image of the Qing people became weaker and weaker. In the new era, writers have been able to shake off the mode of political criticism and regard the Qing people as ordinary individuals, describing their life experience from the angle of nationality, family and individual. The image of Qing people in modern and contemporary Chinese novels is mainly divided into the image of the adherents to the tradition and the image of the flag bearers after the Revolution of 1911. The nostalgia for the old dynasty is pitiful and ridiculous. The conservative political and cultural tendency of the Qing Dynasty's image is contrary to the tide of the times, but as an independent individual, they have profound cultural implication. Their adherence to traditional culture preserved the vitality of the continuation of traditional culture in the anti-tradition tide of the May fourth Movement, and it also played a certain role in reversing the radicalization of the May fourth Movement. Because of the ruling policy of the Qing Dynasty, the people of the flag people were excluded from the society in the early part of the Republic of China. Their contempt for life skills led them to struggle in the new social environment. This provides a new angle of view for us to study the national outlook of the early Republic of China. Through the painstaking experiences of the Flag people in the early Republic of China, we can see the small national outlook that the revolutionaries and Liang Qichao and so on initially disagreed with. Although the revolutionary party made adjustments after the success of the revolution, to some extent, it also reflected the immaturity of the 1911 Revolution.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I207.42
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