超滤膜在给水处理中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-03-04 22:18

本文选题：无动力膜　切入点：反冲洗水　出处：《郑州大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：水资源短缺问题是世界性问题同时也是众多国家所面临的问题之一,饮用水安全问题也是民众最为关心的水资源问题。水厂面临饮用水量的增加与饮用水水源地水质恶化之间的矛盾,采用传统工艺的自来水厂面临提标改造、节能降耗等问题;新建自来水厂面对用地、生产水量、水质等问题。膜技术作为第三代净水技术,逐步在给水市场崭露头角,可以有效地解决以上问题。面对膜技术现有的低通量、高污染情况等问题,特提出本课题。本研究主要针对目前膜技术使用过程中的弊端,探究本实验室制作的超滤膜中适合做无动力膜的膜丝,并探索无动力膜在给水处理中的应用。本研究首先选择出实验室自制的6种超滤膜处理某工艺二级出水,根据膜的运行情况及处理效果筛选出SZ101、SZ103与SZ104三种膜;其次,将筛选出的三种膜处理白龟山水库水,根据运行效果、耐化学清洗效果,筛选出SZ103、SZ104两种膜;最后将SZ103、SZ104处理自来水厂滤池反洗水及替代现有水处理工艺中“沉淀+滤池”处理单元和单独“滤池”处理单元。根据水质条件和进水状况,本实验主要研究处理滤池反洗水技术参数,综合对比分析后筛选出SZ103适合做无动力膜。探索出SZ103在处理滤池反冲洗水中的最佳运行参数为:在高浊水条件下(本研究根据反冲洗水质界定浊度大于等于10NTU),最佳气洗量及气洗时间为1000L/h,5min;低浊水条件下运行(本研究根据反冲洗水质界定浊度小于10NTU),最佳气洗量及气洗时间为500L/h,3min。本研究中膜出水所测定的水质指标均优于国家饮用水标准(以下简称国标)相应值,出水平均浊度为0.06NTU,远低于国家标准1.0NTU;高锰酸盐指数平均值为2.62mg/L,国标3.0mg/L;UV254为0.022;氨氮浓度为0.085 mg/L,国标0.5 mg/L;总铝浓度为0.15 mg/L,国标0.2mg/L;出水微生物未检出,出水水质稳定,适合用于处理滤池反冲洗水。膜技术用于处理沉淀池进水实验中,得出SZ103在无动力、无清洗的条件下连续运行一周,膜通量的衰减率最高达到80%,通量恒定后,将膜进行水力清洗后,清洗后膜通量的恢复率在42%-78%之间。膜技术用于处理沉淀池出水实验中,得出SZ103无动力、无清洗的条件下连续运行一周,膜通量的衰减率最高达到87%,同SZ103清洗方式,清洗后膜通量的恢复率在44-84%之间。絮凝后未经沉淀的水中含有大量的矾花,容易导致膜污染,因此膜技术不适合直接替代“沉淀池+滤池”,将膜技术仅替代“滤池”更为合适。
[Abstract]:The shortage of water resources is a worldwide problem and one of the problems faced by many countries. The problem of drinking water safety is also the most concerned by the people. The water plant is faced with the contradiction between the increase of drinking water quantity and the deterioration of the drinking water source water quality, and the waterworks adopting the traditional technology are faced with the problems of upgrading the standard, saving energy and reducing consumption. As the third generation water purification technology, membrane technology, as the third generation of water purification technology, gradually emerging in the water supply market, can effectively solve the above problems. In view of the disadvantages of the membrane technology at present, this study explores the membrane wires in the ultrafiltration membrane made in our laboratory that are suitable for making non-dynamic membrane. In this study, 6 kinds of ultrafiltration membrane were selected to treat secondary effluent of a process, and three kinds of membranes, SZ101 and SZ104, were selected according to the operation of the membrane and the effect of treatment. The three kinds of membranes were used to treat the water of Baiguishan Reservoir. According to the operation effect and the chemical cleaning resistance, two kinds of SZ103 / SZ104 membranes were screened out. In the end, SZ103 / SZ104 is used to treat the filter backwash water in the waterworks and to replace the "sedimentation filter" treatment unit and the single "filter" treatment unit in the existing water treatment process, according to the water quality conditions and the influent condition. In this experiment, the technical parameters of backwash water of filter were studied. The optimum operating parameters of SZ103 in treating filter backwash water are found as follows: under the condition of high turbidity water (the turbidity is defined by backwash water quality > 10NTU in this study, the best operation parameters of SZ103 are as follows: in this study, the turbidity is greater than or equal to 10NTU according to backwash water quality. The optimal volume and time of air washing is 1000L / h ~ (-1) min. (the turbidity is less than 10NTU according to the backwash water quality, the optimum air washing capacity and the gas washing time is 500L / h ~ (-1) min. The water quality index of membrane effluent is better than that of national drinking water. The corresponding values of water use standards (hereinafter referred to as national standards), The average turbidity of the effluent is 0.06 NTU, which is much lower than the national standard 1.0 NTU; the average permanganate index is 2.62 mg / L, and the national standard 3.0 mg / L UV254 is 0.022; the ammonia nitrogen concentration is 0.085 mg / L, and the national standard 0.5 mg / L; the total aluminum concentration is 0.15 mg / L, and the national standard 0.2 mg / L; the effluent microorganism is not detected and the effluent water quality is stable. The membrane technology is suitable for the treatment of backwash water in the filter tank, and the membrane technology is used to treat the influent of the sedimentation tank. It is concluded that when SZ103 runs continuously for one week without power and cleaning, the maximum attenuation rate of the membrane flux is up to 80 and the flux is constant. After hydraulic cleaning, the recovery rate of membrane flux was between 42% and 78%. The membrane technology was used to treat the effluent of sedimentation tank. It was concluded that SZ103 was operated continuously for one week without power and without cleaning. The maximum attenuation rate of membrane flux was 87. The recovery rate of membrane flux after SZ103 cleaning was between 44 and 84%. There was a large amount of alum in the unprecipitated water after flocculation, which could lead to membrane fouling. Therefore, membrane technology is not suitable to replace "sedimentation tank" directly, and it is more suitable to replace "filter" only by membrane technology.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU991.2

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