冬季人体睡眠差异化热需求及热环境设计参数研究

发布时间：2018-04-19 17:14

本文选题：睡眠 + 差异化热需求　；参考：《西安建筑科技大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：睡眠是人们在住宅建筑中最主要的行为状态,约占人生命活动三分之一的时间。由于睡眠期间能量代谢降低而体周热阻增加,人体的热舒适需求在时间尺度上存在昼间清醒活动与夜间睡眠阶段的显著差异;同时,睡眠状态下人体活动范围缩小,行为调节能力减弱,被褥微气候对人体的影响得以凸显,这体现了人体热舒适需求在空间尺度上的特征。现行热环境设计标准仅考虑人体处于清醒活动状态下的热舒适需求,难以体现人体昼、夜热需求的时空差异。针对上述情况,本文研究了人体头部和覆体对睡眠热环境的差异化热需求,发展了适用于睡眠状态下的热舒适理论模型。基于该模型,本研究对室内热环境与被褥微气候耦合空间的设计参数进行了定量分析。主要研究内容如下:(1)对我国西部地区非采暖建筑冬季睡眠热环境及人体热舒适水平进行了现场调查。掌握了非采暖建筑冬季睡眠热环境现状与居民床褥热阻使用规律,并获得了冬季睡眠状态下人们的热需求特征。结果表明,对于独立式住宅建筑,睡眠期间室内温度处于偏低水平,约71%的居民卧室温度低于15°C。床褥系统总热阻主要处于3.0~5.0clo之间,超六成居民采用了被褥微气候取暖措施,在此条件下,居民在睡眠期间的不舒适比率较低,约为15%。现场研究揭示了睡眠状态下被褥微气候对人体热舒适的重要性,为后续实验研究奠定了基础。(2)针对被褥微气候的非均匀分布特征,对睡眠人体局部与整体热状态的差异性和相关性进行了实验研究。对于冬季睡眠,局部之间保持适宜的皮肤温度差异有助于提高人体整体热舒适水平;当人体处于最佳热舒适水平时,局部出现不同程度的热中性偏离现象,头部处于中性偏凉状态,覆体处于中性偏暖状态。人体头部对室内温度的热舒适需求范围较宽,约为10.0~22.0°C,在典型冬季床褥热阻条件下,覆体对室内温度的舒适需求范围约为11.2~18.8°C。(3)对睡眠状态下两段式人体模型进行了热平衡理论分析,提出了“分而不离”的局部热感觉预测模型(PTS模型),一方面根据两段式模型将头部与覆体的热感觉分别进行预测,另一方面同时考虑室内热环境与被褥微气候参数对两节段的综合影响。进而通过建立局部热感觉与整体不满意率的联系,将头部与覆体的热感觉“合二为一”,得到了睡眠热环境的整体不满意率模型(WPD模型)。此外,根据人体与环境的传热模型,分析了睡眠状态下人体的散热特征。导热散热是睡眠状态下最主要的散热方式,当整体处于舒适水平时,导热散热比例占30%~40%。(4)基于本研究建立的PTS-WPD模型,提出了睡眠热环境(包括室内热环境和被褥微气候)的综合评价方法,并通过人体皮肤温度滑动标尺输入的方法提高了热环境评价的准确性;建立了室内热环境与被褥微气候耦合空间设计参数的舒适域。发现耦合空间热环境设计使室内舒适温度在国际和国内标准基础上大幅降低。本研究提出了基于人体头部和覆体差异化热需求的睡眠热舒适模型,建立了室内热环境与被褥微气候耦合空间的参数设计方法和热环境评价方法。对于采用常规能源的建筑,研究结果可为能源按需供给的节能设计提供理论基础和数据支撑;对于采用新能源的建筑,本研究提出的空间耦合式热环境设计参数可为分时分区采暖提供设计依据,有助于在保障人体热舒适的同时提高能源利用效率。
[Abstract]:Sleep is the most important state of behavior in residential buildings, accounting for about 1/3 of human life activity. Due to the decrease of energy metabolism and the increase of body heat resistance during sleep, the thermal comfort demand of human body has significant difference between daytime awake activity and nocturnal sleep stage on the time scale. The influence of the bedding microclimate on the human body is highlighted, which reflects the characteristics of the human body's thermal comfort demand on the space scale. The current thermal environment design standard only takes into account the thermal comfort requirements of the human body in the sober state, and it is difficult to reflect the space-time difference between the human body day and the night heat demand. This paper studies the differential thermal demand of the body's head and body on the sleep heat environment and develops a theoretical model of thermal comfort applied to the sleep state. Based on this model, the design parameters of the indoor thermal environment and the bedding microclimate coupling space are quantitatively analyzed. The main contents are as follows: (1) non mining in Western China In the winter, the heat environment of the warm building and the human body's thermal comfort level were investigated. The current situation of the sleep heat environment in the non heating buildings and the rule of the use of the heat resistance of the bedding were mastered, and the heat demand characteristics of the people under the sleep state of the winter were obtained. The results showed that the indoor temperature of the independent residential building was in the low water during the sleep. About 71% of the residents' bedroom temperature is less than 15 C. bedding system, the total thermal resistance is mainly between 3.0~5.0clo, and the ultra 60% residents adopt the bedding microclimate heating measures. Under this condition, the discomfort ratio of the residents during sleep is low, and the 15%. field study reveals the importance of the bedding microclimate to the human thermal comfort under the sleep state. It lays the foundation for the follow-up experimental research. (2) in view of the non-uniform distribution characteristics of the bedding microclimate, the difference and correlation between the local and the whole heat state of the sleep human body is studied. For winter sleep, maintaining the appropriate skin temperature differences between parts can help to raise the overall thermal comfort level of the human body; when the human body is in the best condition, the body is in the best condition. At the thermal comfort level, there are different degrees of thermal neutral deviation, the head is in a neutral and cool state, the overlying body is in the neutral warm state. The thermal comfort demand of the body head to the indoor temperature is wide, about 10.0~22.0 C. Under the typical winter bed thermal resistance, the comfortable demand for the indoor temperature is about 11.2~18 .8 (3) C. (3) analyses the heat balance theory of the two segments of human body model in sleep state, and puts forward a local thermal sensation prediction model (PTS model). On the one hand, the thermal sensation of the head and the overlying body is predicted by the two segment model. On the other hand, both the indoor thermal environment and the bedding microclimate parameters are considered at the same time. In addition, the overall dissatisfaction rate model (WPD model) of the sleep heat environment is obtained by establishing the relationship between the local thermal sensation and the overall dissatisfaction rate. The overall dissatisfaction rate model (WPD model) of the sleep heat environment is obtained. In addition, according to the heat transfer model of the human body and the environment, the heat dissipation characteristics of the human body under the sleep state are analyzed. The heat conduction heat dissipation is analyzed. It is the most important heat dissipation mode in the state of sleep. When the whole is at the comfortable level, the proportion of heat conduction and heat dissipation is 30%~40%. (4) based on the PTS-WPD model established in this study. The comprehensive evaluation method of the sleep heat environment (including the indoor thermal environment and the bedding microclimate) is put forward, and the heat of the body skin temperature sliding scale is improved by the method of the input of the body skin temperature slide ruler. The comfort zone of the design parameters of the indoor thermal environment and the coupling space of the bedding microclimate is established. It is found that the design of the coupled space thermal environment has greatly reduced the indoor comfort temperature on the basis of international and domestic standards. This study proposes a sleep thermal comfort model based on the differential thermal demand of the body head and the body. The parameter design method and the thermal environment evaluation method of the indoor thermal environment and the bedding microclimate coupling space. For the building with conventional energy, the results can provide the theoretical basis and data support for energy saving design for energy supply. For the building with new energy, the spatial coupling thermal environment design parameters proposed in this study are proposed. It can provide the design basis for the heating in the time sharing zone, and it helps to improve the energy efficiency while ensuring the thermal comfort of the human body.

【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU111

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