化学实验教学论体系的优化及在高中化学中的实践研究

发布时间：2018-01-16 04:06

本文关键词：化学实验教学论体系的优化及在高中化学中的实践研究　出处：《西北民族大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着社会的发展,新课改对化学实验教学提出了更高的要求,而指导化学实验教学的理论——化学实验教学论也需要相应的提升,进而更好地指导化学实验教学的实施。论文对化学实验、化学实验教学、化学教学论、化学实验教学论、化学实验教学论课程体系等相关概念进行了较为具体的阐述,找出了其不同和侧重点。当前人们对于化学实验教学论这门学科虽有一定的研究,但对整个体系研究甚少。第三章是化学实验教学论在高中化学中的实施现状调查及分析,通过对安徽师范大学大二、大三学生的问卷调查,及安徽安庆、池州,上海,甘肃兰州、天水等城市高中化学教师的访谈和问卷调查,了解到当前化学实验教学论存在的不足之处,如学科定义不明确、学科研究对象缺失、学科研究方法不清晰、学科体系中的实验教学与实验研究相分离、学科教学方法僵化以及在教学理念、教学内容、教学方式和教学评价方面存在的问题。针对上述的不足,剖析了化学实验教学论教学大纲,并分析对比现有的“化学实验教学论”教材,对课程的教学理念、教学内容、教学方式、教学实施以及评价方式层面给予了化学实验教学论体系的优化。理念层次上,实现了教材名称的统一,一个完善的理论体系能够提供科学规范的依据,制定了优化的原则和策略：内容层次上,构建了新的化学实验教学论内容体系,基础理论篇、教师与学生篇、教学研究篇以及实践设计篇,新的模块体系增加了教师和学生篇,突现了主体与实验教学之间的联系。实践设计篇对具体的实验内容进行了优化,将验证性实验进行了探究性设计、增加了微型半微型化实验、融入了生活趣味小实验、灌输了绿色化的概念；教学方式层次上,根据不同的培养目标和教学内容制定不同的教学方式；教学实施层次上,对实验方法、实验装置进行了创新；评价方式层次上,注重评价内容的全面性、评价方式的多样性、评价类别的合理性以及评价操作的简约化。以高中化学必修模块为例,选取典型实验运用化学实验教学论进行具体的案例设计分析,从不同侧重点表现实验内容设计的优化方式,保留了金属铁与水的反应,以此训练学生操作的规范性;将常规实验木炭还原氧化铜进行了微型化和绿色化设计；对传统的验证性实验硝基苯的制备进行了探究设计。
[Abstract]:With the development of society, the new curriculum reform has put forward higher requirements to the chemistry experiment teaching, and the theory of chemical experiment teaching, which guides the chemistry experiment teaching, also needs to be promoted accordingly. And then better guide the implementation of chemical experiment teaching. The thesis is about chemistry experiment, chemistry experiment teaching, chemistry teaching theory, chemistry experiment teaching theory. The related concepts such as the course system of chemistry experiment teaching theory and so on have been expounded in detail, and the differences and emphases have been found out. At present, people have some research on chemistry experiment teaching theory. But the research on the whole system is very few. Chapter three is the investigation and analysis of the implementation of chemical experimental teaching theory in senior high school chemistry, through the survey of the sophomore and junior students of Anhui normal University, and Anqing, Chizhou. Shanghai, Gansu Lanzhou, Tianshui and other cities of senior high school chemistry teachers interviews and questionnaires, understand the current chemical experimental teaching theory shortcomings, such as the definition of the subject is not clear, the lack of subject research objects. The subject research method is not clear, the experimental teaching in the subject system is separated from the experimental research, the subject teaching method is rigid, and in the teaching idea, the teaching content. In view of the above deficiencies, this paper analyzes the syllabus of chemistry experiment teaching theory, and analyzes and compares the existing teaching materials of chemistry experiment teaching theory, and gives the teaching idea of the course. The teaching contents, teaching methods, teaching implementation and evaluation methods have given the chemistry experiment teaching theory system optimization. At the idea level, the unification of the teaching material name has been realized. A perfect theoretical system can provide scientific and normative basis and formulate the optimized principles and strategies: at the content level, a new content system of chemical experiment teaching theory, basic theory, teachers and students are constructed. Teaching research and practice design, the new module system adds teachers and students, highlighting the relationship between the subject and experimental teaching. The practical design of the specific content of the experiment is optimized. The confirmatory experiment was designed in inquiry, the miniature semi-miniature experiment was added, and the life fun experiment was incorporated into the experiment, and the concept of green was inculcated. On the level of teaching methods, different teaching methods are formulated according to different training objectives and teaching contents. On the level of teaching implementation, the experimental methods and experimental devices are innovated. On the level of evaluation mode, we pay attention to the comprehensiveness of evaluation content, the diversity of evaluation methods, the rationality of evaluation categories and the simplification of evaluation operation. Take the required module of senior high school chemistry as an example. The typical experiment is selected to use the chemical experiment teaching theory to carry on the concrete case design analysis, from the different emphases performance experiment content design optimization way, has retained the metal iron and the water reaction. In order to train students to operate the normative; The miniaturization and green design of copper oxide reduced by conventional experimental charcoal were carried out. The preparation of nitrobenzene, a traditional confirmatory experiment, was studied and designed.
【学位授予单位】：西北民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.8

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