中美初中化学教材比较研究

发布时间：2018-02-20 19:40

本文关键词： 中美初中化学教材比较研究　出处：《贵州师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文的研究对象是中美两国初中化学教材,即人教版初中《化学》和美国初中主流教材《科学探索者》中的化学部分《物质构成》和《化学反应》。通过对中美两国初中化学教材的比较,找出两国在教育思想和教材编写上的差异,借鉴美国教材编写的优点,找出我国教材的不足,以期为我国初中化学教材的开发与改革提供参考。通过比较两国的课程设置背景发现,美国学生比我国学生在初中之前就已经了解了较多的化学常识,以及具备了较强的实验操作技能;从两国的课程标准来看,都以培养学生的科学素养为总目标,但美国的课程标准是综合理科标准,我国的课程标准更加详细,其中对化学基本概念和基础原理要求比较严格。通过从教材呈现方式以及教材的内容来比较两国初中化学教材,得出以下结论:两国教材的课程基本理念大致相同,都体现了科学性与可接受性的统一,在编排上都有利于化学知识的构建;在实验与探究活动方面,美国教材在化学基本知识的传递、综合能力的培养以及学生的实验技能等方面要强于我国教材;在教材的整合性方面,美国教材比我国教材更注重与其他学科的联系,与学生日常生活联系的更加紧密;在习题方面,我国教材的习题理论性强,实践性弱,但计算方面讲的非常深入,美国教材习题简单,实践性强;在插图和语言方面,美国教材设计的更符合初中生的心理特点。根据以上对中美两国初中化学教材的比较与分析,结合我国国情,得出以下几点启示:提高教材印刷与插图质量,增加实物照片;加强与日常生活相关的化学知识的编写;完善教材中化学实验探究活动的设计;重视课程内容的及时更新与反馈。
[Abstract]:The research object of this paper is the junior high school chemistry teaching materials of China and the United States. That is, "composition of matter" and "Chemical reaction" in "Chemistry" and "Chemical reaction" in the main textbook of American Junior Middle School, "Chemistry" and "Science Explorer" in American Junior Middle School. The comparison between Chinese and American junior high school chemistry textbooks is carried out. To find out the differences between the two countries in educational thought and textbook compilation, to draw lessons from the advantages of American textbook compilation, and to find out the shortcomings of our country's textbooks. In order to provide reference for the development and reform of junior high school chemistry teaching materials in our country. By comparing the curriculum setting background of the two countries, it is found that American students have already learned more chemistry common sense than our students before junior high school. From the perspective of the curriculum standards of the two countries, the overall goal is to cultivate students' scientific literacy, but the curriculum standard of the United States is the comprehensive science standard, and the curriculum standard of our country is more detailed. The basic concepts and basic principles of chemistry are strictly required. By comparing the two junior high school chemistry textbooks from the presentation of textbooks and the contents of the textbooks, the following conclusions can be drawn: the basic curriculum concepts of the textbooks in the two countries are roughly the same. Both embody the unity of science and acceptability, and are beneficial to the construction of chemical knowledge in arrangement, and in the aspect of experiment and inquiry, the transfer of basic knowledge of chemistry in American textbooks, The training of comprehensive ability and the experimental skills of students are better than those of our country, in the integration of teaching materials, American textbooks pay more attention to the contact with other subjects than our textbooks, and are more closely related to the daily life of students. In terms of exercises, the exercises of Chinese textbooks are strong in theory and weak in practice, but they are very deep in calculation. The exercises in American textbooks are simple and practical; in terms of illustrations and languages, According to the comparison and analysis of junior high school chemistry teaching materials between China and the United States, combined with the situation of our country, we can draw the following enlightenment: improving the quality of printing and illustrating the textbooks, increasing the physical photographs; Strengthen the compilation of chemistry knowledge related to daily life; perfect the design of chemistry experiment inquiry activity in teaching material; pay attention to the timely updating and feedback of curriculum contents.
【学位授予单位】：贵州师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.8

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