高中物理力学核心概念调查及教学策略研究

发布时间：2018-03-10 02:24

本文选题：高中物理力学　切入点：核心概念　出处：《陕西师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：高中物理课程是高中科学教育的重要课程之一。物理课程的学习包括概念、原理和规律以及技能的学习,而物理概念统领且包含着物理原理和规律,核心概念则是物理概念的重中之重。概念教学是物理课堂教学的基础与根基,高中物理概念众多,要从中提炼出具有提纲挈领的核心概念,对概念教学和学生学习具有很大的促进作用。美国国家研究委员会颁布了《K-12科学教育框架：实践、跨学科概念和核心概念》,该框架认为科学教给学生的应该是核心概念,而不是零碎的、分散的知识。自此核心概念的研究成为国际科学教育研究关注的热点领域。而物理教学是理科教学中重要的部分,也开始了核心概念的相关研究。因此通过调查并筛选高中物理的核心概念,调查高中生核心概念学习存在问题,提出核心概念的教学策略,这对于教师教学、学生学习等都具有积极意义。本研究主要包括四方面：第一,以高中物理课程标准为基准,梳理分析沪科版高中物理教材中的力学知识,通过分析教材中每一章节的重要语句,梳理出其中的物理概念,最后分析找出核心概念。第二,基于笔者筛选出的力学重要知识点编制成教师调查问卷表,通过给一线教师发放问卷调查表,让教师根据自己的理解对概念的重要程度做出判断,得出高中物理力学的核心概念。第三,为了解学生力学概念的掌握情况,选用力学概念测试卷(FCI)对高中物理力学概念进行评测,通过统计分析出学生分数分布情况以及各题的正确率,揭示学生力学概念学习中存在的问题。第四,依据学生力学概念的掌握情况提出核心概念的教学建议,以期对高中物理核心概念教学有指导性意义。本研究得到的结论有：第一,通过梳理分析以及调查研究得到牛顿第二定律、牛顿第三定律、力、运动的合成与分解、机械能守恒定律、加速度这样六个核心概念。第二,通过调查学生力学概念掌握情况发现学生能够记住大多数力学概念的内容,但对概念的理解浮于表面,缺乏对核心概念的深层次理解。第三,根据学生力学概念的掌握情况提出力学核心概念的教学策略,笔者提出的教学建议主要体现在四个方面,树立重视核心概念教学的观念,增强概念教学的意识；围绕核心概念组织教学内容,提高核心概念教学效率；从生活情境引入教学,深化核心概念的理解；转变传统教学评价方式,促进核心知识的掌握。
[Abstract]:The high school physics curriculum is one of the most important courses in senior high school physics curriculum of science education. The study includes the concept, principle and rules and skills of learning, and the physical concept and contains the physical principle and law, the core concept is the priority among priorities. The concept of physics concept teaching is the basis and foundation of physics classroom teaching in senior high school physics. Many concepts, to extract the core concept with content from it, has a great effect on the concept of teaching and learning. The National Research Council promulgated the , teach students should be the core concept, rather than piecemeal the dispersion of knowledge. Since the core concept has become a hot topic of concern in the international education research science. But the physics teaching is an important part in science teaching, but also open The related research was the core concept. Therefore, through the investigation and screening of the core concept of high school physics, the core concept of investigation of senior high school students learning problems, put forward the core concept of teaching strategies, for teachers' teaching, students' learning is of great significance. This study mainly includes four aspects: first, the high school physics curriculum standard benchmark analysis mechanics Shanghai Science Edition high school physics teaching material, through the analysis of teaching materials in each section of the important statement, sort out the physical concept of the final analysis to find out the core concepts. The author selected second mechanics knowledge compiled teacher questionnaire based on the questionnaire, through to the teachers let the teacher, according to their own understanding of the importance of the concept of judgment, the core concept of the high school physical mechanics. Third concepts in order to understand the students the palm Hold, the mechanical concept tests (FCI) for evaluation of senior high school physics mechanics concepts, through the statistical analysis of the student score distribution and the correct rate of each question, reveals the existing problems in students learning mechanics concepts. Fourth, according to the students' mastery of mechanics concept put forward the core concept teaching suggestions, in order to guide the significance of the core concept of Physics Teaching in senior high school. The results of this study are: first, by Newton's second law through analysis and research, Newton's third law, force, motion synthesis and decomposition, the law of conservation of mechanical energy, the acceleration of such six core concepts. Second, through investigation of mechanical concepts students found that students to remember that most of the mechanical concept, but the understanding of the concept of floating on the surface, the lack of deep understanding of core concepts. Third, according to their mechanical concept Read the master the core concepts in mechanics teaching strategies, the author puts forward the teaching suggestions are mainly embodied in four aspects, establish the importance of the core concept of teaching concept, strengthen the consciousness of teaching concept; focus on the core concept of the teaching content, improve the core concept of teaching efficiency; introducing teaching from life situation, deepen the understanding of core concepts; to change the traditional way of teaching evaluation, promote the core knowledge.

【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.7

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