初中作文评语存在的问题及对策研究

发布时间：2018-04-16 09:37

本文选题：初中 + 作文评语　；参考：《南京师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：作文是学生运用语言文字表达思想、交流情感的重要方式,也是认识世界、认识自我、进行创造性表达的过程。作文能力是学生语文素养的综合体现,作文水平是衡量学生语文学习质量的重要尺度。因此,作文教学一直是初中语文教学中的一项重要的任务。同时,对于初中生而言,作文也是比阅读、听、说能力更难的学习任务。一直以来,作文教学都是语文学习中的一个难题。花费的时间、精力最多,收到的效果却不明显。以往的作文教学研究多把目光聚焦在作文前材料的积累和收集,作文中写作技巧的指导。本文另辟蹊径,从课程与教学论中的课程评价角度入手,关注作文后的作文评语。分析初中作文评语的现状,明确问题所在,力图找到促进初中作文教学效果的有效途径。论文共分为三章。第一章对初中作文评语做了相关的理论研究。首先,对评语和作文评语的概念做逐级阐述。然后明确了有效性评语的客观性、针对性、具体性、人文性和规范性的五大特征。详细阐述了作文评语的反馈功能、改进功能、激励功能和示范功能。最后,结合相关的教育学、心理学的知识,对初中生的写作心理和写作能力做了科学的分析。并对罗杰斯的人本主义学习理论、马斯洛的需要层次理论和桑代克的效果律学习理论等有关初中生写作心理的理论进行了详细的列举分析。第二章对初中作文评语的现状作分析研究。本章共有三节。第一节首先明确现在初中作文教学中的评语现状。本人主要以本人在山东潍坊和江苏南京两地的不同等级的初中学校收集的大量评语案例和所作的问卷调查为依据,分别对作文评语的质量、教师对评语的态度和学生对评语的态度进行调查、分析。在明确了初中作文评语现状的基础上,第二节本人将根据现状找出评语中存在的主要问题,并分析这些问题可能会给作文教学带来的危害。第三节,本人将针对问题去追寻问题出现的具体原因。第三章是本文的重点章节。这一章主要是针对现状和问题提出解决作文评语存在问题的对策。本章分为四节,分别从四个方面入手寻找对策。第一节是评语的专业化。要求教师提高自身评语写作水平,保证评语的针对性和规范性。第二节是评语的个性化。教师要形成自己的评语风格,增加学生对评语的阅读兴趣。评语写作也要尊重学生的个性。第三节是评语的人文化。评语写作要坚持评语为教学服务的正确价值取向,多鼓励学生,“评文”与“评人”相结合。第四节是评语的多样化。为提高学生的兴趣,更好地发挥评语的有效性功能,评语要在语言表达、写作形式和写作主体上坚持多样化的原则,更加灵活多样,克服呆板僵化,并且重视学生评语的写作。
[Abstract]:Composition is an important way for students to express their thoughts and communicate emotions with language and writing. It is also a process of knowing the world, knowing oneself and expressing creatively.Composition ability is the comprehensive embodiment of students' Chinese literacy, and composition level is an important measure to measure the quality of students' Chinese learning.Therefore, composition teaching has been an important task in junior middle school Chinese teaching.At the same time, for junior high school students, composition is a more difficult task than reading, listening and speaking.Composition teaching has always been a difficult problem in Chinese learning.It takes the most time and energy, but the effect is not obvious.In the past, the study of composition teaching has focused on the accumulation and collection of materials before composition, and the guidance of writing skills in composition.From the perspective of curriculum evaluation in curriculum and teaching theory, this paper focuses on composition evaluation after composition.This paper analyzes the present situation of junior high school composition evaluation, clarifies the problem, and tries to find an effective way to promote the teaching effect of junior high school composition.The thesis is divided into three chapters.The first chapter has done the related theory research to the junior middle school composition comment.First of all, the concept of comments and composition comments to do a hierarchical elaboration.Then it clarifies the five characteristics of objectivity, pertinence, concreteness, humanism and standardization of validity evaluation.The feedback function, improvement function, motivation function and demonstration function of composition comment are expounded in detail.Finally, combining the relevant knowledge of pedagogy and psychology, this paper makes a scientific analysis on the writing psychology and writing ability of junior high school students.The author also makes a detailed enumeration and analysis of Rogers' humanistic learning theory, Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory and Thorndike's learning theory of the effect law on junior high school students' writing psychology.The second chapter analyzes the current situation of junior high school composition comments.This chapter consists of three sections.The first section clarifies the current situation of writing teaching in junior high school.On the basis of a large number of evaluation cases and questionnaires collected by my junior high schools at different levels in Weifang, Shandong, and Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, I made a survey on the quality of composition comments.The teacher's attitude to the comment and the students' attitude to the comment are investigated and analyzed.On the basis of defining the present situation of the composition evaluation in junior high school, the second section will find out the main problems in the evaluation according to the present situation, and analyze the harm that these problems may bring to the composition teaching.The third section, I will aim at the question to pursue the concrete reason which the question appears.The third chapter is the key chapter of this paper.This chapter is aimed at the present situation and the problem to solve the problem of composition comments.This chapter is divided into four sections, respectively from four aspects to find countermeasures.The first section is the professionalization of comments.Teachers are required to improve their writing level to ensure the pertinence and standardization of comments.The second section is the individuation of comments.Teachers should form their own comment style and increase students' interest in reading comments.Comment writing should also respect the personality of the students.The third section is the human culture of the commentary.Comment writing should adhere to the correct value orientation of comment service for teaching, encourage students more, "comment article" and "judge person" combine together.The fourth section is the diversity of comments.In order to improve students' interest and give full play to the effective function of comments, comments should adhere to the principle of diversity in language expression, writing form and writing subject, be more flexible and diverse, overcome rigidity, and attach importance to the writing of students' comments.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.34

【参考文献】