人教版与北师大版高中生物《稳态与环境》模块教材比较研究
发布时间：2018-07-30 08:49
【摘要】：二十一世纪,国际竞争日趋激烈,我国面临的挑战越来越多,应答这些挑战的方法之一就是改革,教育作为关系民族兴衰的一项伟大的事业,为了适应社会发展,培养高质量人才,教育改革正在如火如荼地进行着。课程改革是教育改革的中心,课程改革的突破口就是教材改革,教材在教育过程中具有重要的地位。本文以研究第八次基础教育改革的状况为起点,采用文献法系统梳理了建国后我国生物教材的发展情况及生物教材比较研究的现状和意义;以建构主义教学理论、多元智力理论、终身教育理论为基础,以课程标准为依据,采用文献分析法及内容分析法对高中生物《稳态与环境》模块内容特点、意义和价值进行分析;采用文献分析法、内容分析法、教材分析比较法对人教版和北师大版《稳态与环境》模块教材的编写结构、栏目设置、习题设计、插图、实验进行比较研究。研究发现:两版教材既有相同之处,又各具特色。相同点表现在:两版教材都注重理论联系实际、学生学习动机的培养和激发、学生能力的培养及情感态度价值观的教育。人教版教材具有栏目设置和活动形式丰富多彩、概念图新颖别致、注重学科间的知识整合等特点。北师大版教材特点是知识体系系统性强、注重动手能力及学生环保意识的培养。通过对两版教材的分析和比较,结合我国课程改革的新理念,对《稳态与环境》模块的教材编写、教师教学、学生如何学习提出了一些建议。对教材编写的建议是增加环境保护的内容、丰富实验目的、加强生物学科与其他学科的联系;对教师的建议是重视对学生的引导,关注学科逻辑的同时也要关注学生的认知结构,教师注重自身知识的装备。对学生的建议一是要加深对“稳态”与“环境”的理解,因为本模块的知识是以这两个概念为核心展开的,准确把握“稳态”与“环境”是学好整本书的基础;二是学习科学方法时,可以尝试运用所学方法来进行探究活动,本模块学生将接触大量的科学方法,如果不实际利用,很难真正掌握,更看不到科学方法的价值。三是避免死记硬背,本模块的知识与生活联系十分密切,在学习过程中多思考、多观察,有意识的用所学知识来解释生命现象,解决实际问题。
[Abstract]:In the 21 century, the international competition is becoming more and more intense, and China is facing more and more challenges. One of the ways to answer these challenges is to reform, education as a great cause related to the rise and fall of the nation, in order to adapt to the development of society. Education reform is in full swing to train high-quality talents. Curriculum reform is the center of educational reform, and the breakthrough of curriculum reform is the reform of teaching materials, which plays an important role in the process of education. Based on the study of the status of the eighth basic education reform, this paper systematically combs the development of biology teaching materials after the founding of the people's Republic of China and the current situation and significance of the comparative study of biological teaching materials, taking the constructivist teaching theory as the starting point. On the basis of multiple intelligence theory, lifelong education theory and curriculum standard, this paper analyzes the characteristics, significance and value of the content of "steady state and environment" module in senior high school by literature analysis and content analysis. A comparative study of the compiling structure, column setting, exercises design, illustrations, and experiments of the steady state and environment module teaching materials in the education edition and the Beijing normal University edition. The study found that the two editions have similarities and have their own characteristics. The similarities are as follows: the two textbooks focus on the combination of theory and practice, the cultivation and stimulation of students' learning motivation, the cultivation of students' ability and the education of emotional attitude and values. The teaching material of human education edition has the characteristics of rich and colorful column setting and activity form, novel concept map, and paying attention to the integration of knowledge among subjects. The characteristics of Beijing normal University textbook are systematic knowledge system, practical ability and students' awareness of environmental protection. Through the analysis and comparison of the two textbooks and the new concept of curriculum reform in our country, some suggestions are put forward for the compilation of the textbook of the steady state and environment module, the teaching of the teachers and the study of the students. The suggestions for the compilation of textbooks are to increase the content of environmental protection, enrich the purpose of experiment, and strengthen the relationship between biology and other disciplines, while the suggestions for teachers are to attach importance to the guidance of students. Attention should be paid to the cognitive structure of students as well as to the equipment of their own knowledge. The first suggestion to students is to deepen the understanding of "steady state" and "environment", because the knowledge of this module is based on these two concepts, and accurate grasp of "steady state" and "environment" is the basis of learning the whole book; Second, when learning scientific methods, we can try to use the methods learned to explore activities, this module students will come into contact with a large number of scientific methods, if not used in practice, it is difficult to really grasp, not to see the value of scientific methods. The third is to avoid rote memorization, the knowledge of this module is closely related to life, in the process of learning more thinking, more observation, consciously use the knowledge learned to explain the phenomenon of life, solve practical problems.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.91
本文编号：2154465
[Abstract]:In the 21 century, the international competition is becoming more and more intense, and China is facing more and more challenges. One of the ways to answer these challenges is to reform, education as a great cause related to the rise and fall of the nation, in order to adapt to the development of society. Education reform is in full swing to train high-quality talents. Curriculum reform is the center of educational reform, and the breakthrough of curriculum reform is the reform of teaching materials, which plays an important role in the process of education. Based on the study of the status of the eighth basic education reform, this paper systematically combs the development of biology teaching materials after the founding of the people's Republic of China and the current situation and significance of the comparative study of biological teaching materials, taking the constructivist teaching theory as the starting point. On the basis of multiple intelligence theory, lifelong education theory and curriculum standard, this paper analyzes the characteristics, significance and value of the content of "steady state and environment" module in senior high school by literature analysis and content analysis. A comparative study of the compiling structure, column setting, exercises design, illustrations, and experiments of the steady state and environment module teaching materials in the education edition and the Beijing normal University edition. The study found that the two editions have similarities and have their own characteristics. The similarities are as follows: the two textbooks focus on the combination of theory and practice, the cultivation and stimulation of students' learning motivation, the cultivation of students' ability and the education of emotional attitude and values. The teaching material of human education edition has the characteristics of rich and colorful column setting and activity form, novel concept map, and paying attention to the integration of knowledge among subjects. The characteristics of Beijing normal University textbook are systematic knowledge system, practical ability and students' awareness of environmental protection. Through the analysis and comparison of the two textbooks and the new concept of curriculum reform in our country, some suggestions are put forward for the compilation of the textbook of the steady state and environment module, the teaching of the teachers and the study of the students. The suggestions for the compilation of textbooks are to increase the content of environmental protection, enrich the purpose of experiment, and strengthen the relationship between biology and other disciplines, while the suggestions for teachers are to attach importance to the guidance of students. Attention should be paid to the cognitive structure of students as well as to the equipment of their own knowledge. The first suggestion to students is to deepen the understanding of "steady state" and "environment", because the knowledge of this module is based on these two concepts, and accurate grasp of "steady state" and "environment" is the basis of learning the whole book; Second, when learning scientific methods, we can try to use the methods learned to explore activities, this module students will come into contact with a large number of scientific methods, if not used in practice, it is difficult to really grasp, not to see the value of scientific methods. The third is to avoid rote memorization, the knowledge of this module is closely related to life, in the process of learning more thinking, more observation, consciously use the knowledge learned to explain the phenomenon of life, solve practical problems.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.91
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