中学历史教学与学生主体性的培养

发布时间：2018-09-17 17:26

【摘要】：历史课程教学中承认学生的主体地位,突出以学生为中心的主体性培育,是新课标最为重要的核心理念。结合实践发现,传统教育观念以教师为中心、以课堂为中心的教育教学认知不甚枚举,我国很多中学虽确立了以学生为中心的教学模式,但对于如何培育学生的主体性却依然存在诸多缺陷和不足。通过文献资料的整理总结发现,当前国内外研究虽对中学历史教法研究达到了一定深度和广度,但指导性明显不足。据此,本文首先以认知结构理论基础为研究依据,对学生的认知结构进行系统把握分析,而后通过学生主体性表现及内涵,进一步探究学生主体性与中学历史教学的关系,并得出历史教学必须要具体明确学生主体性地位的观点。为进一步阐述中学历史教学主体性培养的必要性,本文则选了马克思主义关于人的全面发展理论及人本教育理论为理论依据,并据此分析了培养学生主体性的现实意义。具体到中学历史教学实践,本文针对存在的现状和问题展开了进一步讨论,通过分析明确了历史教学未能落实学生主体性培养的客观现实。关于历史教学中培养学生主体性的对策,本文从教师层面、教学方式角度、学生主体意识培养及学习方式改变等四个方面展开对策讨论。最后,本文得出结论,新时期中学历史教学关于学生主体性的培养,就是在新课标指引下,所实施的一场关于如何解放学生,如何帮助学生自我实现、全面发展的教育,而中学历史教学必须要切实转变观念、明确中心、创造条件,从而让学生在实践中锻炼成长、自主学习、自我创新、全面发展。
[Abstract]:It is the most important core idea of the new curriculum standard to recognize the main position of students and to emphasize the cultivation of student-centered subjectivity in history course teaching. Combined with practice, it is found that the traditional concept of education is teacher-centered and class-centered education and teaching cognition is not very enumerative. Although many middle schools in our country have established student-centered teaching mode, However, there are still many defects and deficiencies in how to cultivate students' subjectivity. Through the summary of literature, it is found that the current research on history teaching method in middle school has reached a certain depth and breadth, but the guidance is obviously insufficient. On the basis of this, this paper firstly makes a systematic analysis of students' cognitive structure based on the theoretical basis of cognitive structure, and then further explores the relationship between students' subjectivity and history teaching in middle schools through the students' subjective expression and connotation. And draw the point of view that history teaching must be specific to the student's subjective position. In order to further expound the necessity of the cultivation of subjectivity in history teaching in middle school, this paper chooses the Marxist theory of all-round development of human and the theory of humanism education as the theoretical basis, and then analyzes the practical significance of cultivating students' subjectivity. On the basis of the practice of history teaching in middle school, this paper further discusses the existing situation and problems, and clarifies the objective reality that history teaching fails to carry out the cultivation of students' subjectivity. On the countermeasures of cultivating students' subjectivity in history teaching, this paper discusses the countermeasures from four aspects: teacher level, teaching method, students' subjective consciousness cultivation and the change of learning style. Finally, this paper draws a conclusion that the cultivation of students' subjectivity in history teaching in middle schools in the new period is an education on how to liberate students, how to help students realize themselves and develop in an all-round way under the guidance of the new curriculum standard. The history teaching in middle school must change the idea, make clear the center, create the condition, so that the students can train and grow in practice, study independently, innovate themselves and develop in an all-round way.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.51

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