初中生数学运算能力现状调查研究

发布时间：2018-11-02 18:58

【摘要】：作为初中生应具有的三大基本能力之一,运算能力的培养受到各国教育界的关注。数学运算是初中数学教学的重要内容,也是数学学科的基础,数学运算不仅贯穿于教学的各个环节而且也是影响学生学习效果和创新性思维的关键因素。因此对初中生运算能力现状进行研究就显的格外重要。然而新课标实施以后,学生的运算能力呈现下降的趋势,本人基于此问题选择了“初中生运算能力现状调查研究”。针对本研究课题,笔者通过查阅和研读国内外大量有关运算能力的理论研究成果,并在导师的悉心指导下,设计了初中生运算能力调查问卷和教师访谈提纲,并进行了实地调查和个别访谈,深入了解了河南省部分初中的运算能力现状,分析了影响运算能力发展的因素,并提出相应的策略,希望能为本省教师培养学生运算能力提供有价值的参考。本文在河南省不同程度的初级中学中,采用分层抽样的方法,每校初三中各抽取一个班,共计179人及20名一线教师进行现状调查。通过调查研究,了解了当前初中生总体运算水平为中等偏下。在整体分析之后又从三个因素进行对比分析,得出:学生运算能力的高低与学校的排名呈正比关系;女生运算能力稍微强于男生,但差别不大;参与课外辅导的同学运算能力强于没参与的同学。在了解现状后,又从客观和主观因素两个角度分析了影响初中生运算能力发展的原因。客观因素主要为:1.数学教师的知识储备、教学风格、教学理念等都会影响学生发展;2.课程和教材的选择;3.在目前应试教育和升学的压力下,学生学习的意愿逐渐转向为获得高分。主观因素主要包括:1.学生的非智力因素,如兴趣、习惯、性格等都会影响运算能力发展;2.学生的数学认知结构是否完善也会影响运算能力的提升;3.学生的思维特点的局限性;4.日常学生学习、积累数学思想方法的多少,对思想方法的领悟,应用能力。通过对20名教师的访谈,了解到当前学生对数学学习还算比较重视,但是运算能力比较差,一线教师总结差的原因主要是粗心大意和基础知识掌握不牢固,大部分教师还没有意识到运算能力培养的重要性。通过影响因素的分析,对运算能力的提升提出具体策略。1.加强基础知识和基本技能的学习;2.重视学生非智力因素的发展;3.加强学生思维品质的培养;4.重视学生思想方法的指导;5.削弱客观条件对学生运算能力提升的影响。
[Abstract]:As one of the three basic abilities that junior high school students should have, the cultivation of computing ability is concerned by the educational circles of all countries. Mathematics operation is the important content of mathematics teaching in junior high school, and it is also the foundation of mathematics subject. Mathematics operation not only runs through every link of teaching, but also is the key factor that affects students' learning effect and innovative thinking. Therefore, it is very important to study the present situation of junior high school students'computing ability. However, after the implementation of the new curriculum standard, the students' computing ability shows a downward trend. Based on this problem, I chose "the investigation and study of the present situation of the junior high school students' computing ability". In view of this research topic, the author, through consulting and studying a large number of theoretical research results about the operation ability at home and abroad, and under the guidance of the tutor, designed the questionnaire of the junior high school students' operation ability and the outline of the teacher interview. And carried out field investigations and individual interviews, in-depth understanding of the current situation of some junior high schools in Henan Province, analysis of the factors affecting the development of computing ability, and put forward the corresponding strategies. It is hoped that it can provide valuable reference for the teachers to cultivate the students' arithmetic ability. In the junior middle schools in Henan Province, the method of stratified sampling is adopted. One class is selected for each junior high school, and a total of 179 students and 20 first-line teachers are investigated. Through investigation and research, we know that the overall level of junior middle school students is lower. After the overall analysis, the author makes a comparative analysis from three factors: the students' arithmetic ability is proportional to the rank of the school, the female's arithmetic ability is slightly stronger than the boys', but the difference is not big; Students who participate in extracurricular tutoring are better at arithmetic than those who are not. After understanding the present situation, this paper analyzes the reasons that affect the development of junior high school students' operational ability from the perspective of objective and subjective factors. The objective factors are as follows: 1. Mathematics teachers' knowledge reserve, teaching style, teaching ideas will affect the development of students; 2. The choice of curriculum and teaching material; 3. Under the pressure of examination-oriented education and higher education, students' willingness to study gradually turns to high scores. Subjective factors mainly include: 1. Students' non-intelligence factors, such as interest, habit, personality and so on will affect the development of operational ability; 2. Whether the students' mathematical cognitive structure is perfect or not will also affect the improvement of computing ability; 3. The limitation of students' thinking characteristics; 4. Daily students learn, accumulate the number of mathematical thinking methods, the understanding of the method, the ability to apply. Through interviews with 20 teachers, we can see that students pay more attention to mathematics learning, but their calculation ability is poor. The main reasons for the poor summing up of first-line teachers are carelessness and weak grasp of basic knowledge. Most teachers have not yet realized the importance of the training of arithmetic ability. Through the analysis of the influencing factors, the paper puts forward the specific strategy to improve the operation ability. 1. Strengthen the study of basic knowledge and basic skills; 2. Attach importance to the development of students' non-intelligence factors; 3. Strengthen the cultivation of students' thinking quality; 4. Attach importance to the guidance of students' ideological methods; 5. Weakening the objective conditions on the improvement of students' operational ability.
【学位授予单位】：河南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G633.6

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